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| Features * High-performance, Low-power AVR(R) 8-bit Microcontroller * Advanced RISC Architecture - 90 Powerful Instructions - Most Single Clock Cycle Execution - 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers - Fully Static Operation Nonvolatile Program and Data Memories - 1K Byte In-System Programmable Flash Program Memory Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles - 64 Bytes EEPROM Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles - Programming Lock for Flash Program Data Security Peripheral Features - Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change - Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers - One 150 kHz, 8-bit High-speed PWM Output - 4-channel 10-bit ADC One Differential Voltage Input with Optional Gain of 20x - On-chip Analog Comparator - Programmable Watchdog Timer with On-chip Oscillator Special Microcontroller Features - In-System Programmable via SPI Port - Enhanced Power-on Reset Circuit - Programmable Brown-out Detection Circuit - Internal, Calibrated 1.6 MHz Tunable Oscillator - Internal 25.6 MHz Clock Generator for Timer/Counter - External and Internal Interrupt Sources - Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Power Consumption at 1.6 MHz, 3V, 25C - Active: 3.0 mA - Idle Mode: 1.0 mA - Power-down: < 1 A I/O and Packages - 8-lead PDIP and 8-lead SOIC: 6 Programmable I/O Lines Operating Voltages - 2.7V - 5.5V Internal 1.6 MHz System Clock * * 8-bit Microcontroller with 1K Byte Flash ATtiny15L * * * * * Pin Configuration PDIP/SOIC (RESET/ADC0) PB5 (ADC3) PB4 (ADC2) PB3 GND 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VCC PB2 (ADC1/SCK/T0/INT0) PB1 (AIN1/MISO/OC1A) PB0 (AIN0/AREF/MOSI) Rev. 1187D-12/01 1 Description The ATtiny15L is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATtiny15L achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. The ATtiny15L provides 1K byte of Flash, 64 bytes EEPROM, six general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, two 8-bit Timer/Counters, one with highspeed PWM output, internal oscillators, internal and external interrupts, programmable Watchdog Timer, 4-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with one differential voltage input with optional 20x gain, and three software-selectable Power-saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the ADC, analog comparator, Timer/Counters and interrupt system to continue functioning. The ADC Noise Reduction mode facilitates high-accuracy ADC measurements by stopping the CPU while allowing the ADC to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the oscillators, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. The wake-up or interrupt on pin change features enable the ATtiny15L to be highly responsive to external events, still featuring the lowest power consumption while in the Power-saving modes. The device is manufactured using Atmel's high-density, nonvolatile memory technology. By combining a RISC 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the ATtiny15L is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost-efficient solution to many embedded control applications. The peripheral features make the ATtiny15L particularly suited for battery chargers, lighting ballasts and all kinds of intelligent sensor applications. The ATtiny15L AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, In-circuit emulators and evaluation kits. 2 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Block Diagram Figure 1. The ATtiny15L Block Diagram VCC 8-BIT DATA BUS INTERNAL OSCILLATOR GND PROGRAM COUNTER STACK POINTER WATCHDOG TIMER TIMING AND CONTROL TUNABLE INTERNAL OSCILLATOR PROGRAM FLASH HARDWARE STACK MCU CONTROL REGISTER INSTRUCTION REGISTER GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS MCU STATUS REGISTER INSTRUCTION DECODER Z TIMER/ COUNTER0 CONTROL LINES ALU TIMER/ COUNTER1 STATUS REGISTER INTERRUPT UNIT PROGRAMMING LOGIC ISP MODULE DATA EEPROM ANALOG MUX ADC ANALOG COMPARATOR DATA REGISTER PORT B DATA DIR. REG.PORT B + - PORT B DRIVERS PB0-PB5 3 1187D-12/01 Pin Descriptions VCC GND Port B (PB5..PB0) Supply voltage pin. Ground pin. Port B is a 6-bit I/O port. PB4..0 are I/O pins that can provide internal pull-ups (selected for each bit). PB5 is input or open-drain output. The use of pin PB5 is defined by a fuse and the special function associated with this pin is external Reset. The port pins are tristated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port B also accommodates analog I/O pins. The Port B pins with alternate functions are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Port B Alternate Functions Port Pin PB0 Alternate Function MOSI (Data Input Line for Memory Downloading) AREF (ADC Voltage Reference) AIN0 (Analog Comparator Positive Input) MISO (Data Output Line for Memory Downloading) OC1A (Timer/Counter PWM Output) AIN1 (Analog Comparator Negative Input) SCK (Serial Clock Input for Serial Programming) INT0 (External Interrupt0 Input) ADC1 (ADC Input Channel 1) T0 (Timer/Counter0 External Counter Input) ADC2 (ADC Input Channel 2) ADC3 (ADC Input Channel 3) RESET (External Reset Pin) ADC0 (ADC Input Channel 0) PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 Analog Pins Up to four analog inputs can be selected as inputs to Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The internal oscillator provides a clock rate of nominally 1.6 MHz for the system clock (CK). Due to large initial variation (0.8 -1.6 MHz) of the internal oscillator, a tuning capability is built in. Through an 8-bit control register - OSCCAL - the system clock rate can be tuned with less than 1% steps of the nominal clock. There is an internal PLL that provides a 16x clock rate locked to the system clock (CK) for the use of the Peripheral Timer/Counter1. The nominal frequency of this peripheral clock, PCK, is 25.6 MHz. Internal Oscillators 4 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L ATtiny15L Architectural Overview The fast-access register file concept contains 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers with a single-clock-cycle access time. This means that during one single clock cycle, one ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) operation is executed. Two operands are output from the register file, the operation is executed, and the result is stored back in the register file - in one clock cycle. Two of the 32 registers can be used as a 16-bit pointer for indirect memory access. This pointer is called the Z-pointer, and can address the register file, IO file and the Flash program memory. Figure 2. The ATtiny15L AVR RISC Architecture Data Bus 8-bit Control Registrers 512 x 16 Program FLASH Program Counter Status and Test Interrupt Unit Instruction Register Direct Addressing Instruction Decoder 32 x 8 General Purpose Registrers SPI Unit 2 x 8-bit Timer/Counter Watchdog Timer ALU Control Lines ADC 64 x 8 EEPROM Analog Comparator I/O Lines The ALU supports arithmetic and logic functions between registers or between a constant and a register. Single-register operations are also executed in the ALU. Figure 2 shows the ATtiny15L AVR RISC microcontroller architecture. The AVR uses a Harvard architecture concept with separate memories and buses for program and data memories. The program memory is accessed with a two-stage pipeline. While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock cycle. The program memory is In-System Programmable Flash memory. With the relative jump and relative call instructions, the whole address space is directly accessed. All AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format, meaning that every program memory address contains a single 16-bit instruction. During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address program counter (PC) is stored on the stack. The stack is a 3-level-deep hardware stack dedicated for subroutines and interrupts. The I/O memory space contains 64 addresses for CPU peripheral functions as Control Registers, Timer/Counters and other I/O functions. The memory spaces in the AVR architecture are all linear and regular memory maps. 5 1187D-12/01 A flexible interrupt module has its control registers in the I/O space with an additional global interrupt enable bit in the status register. All the different interrupts have a separate interrupt vector in the interrupt vector table at the beginning of the program memory. The different interrupts have priority in accordance with their interrupt vector position. The lower the interrupt vector address, the higher the priority. The General Purpose Register File Figure 3 shows the structure of the 32 general purpose registers in the CPU. Figure 3. AVR CPU General Purpose Working Registers 7 R0 R1 R2 General Purpose Working Registers ... ... R28 R29 R30 (Z-register low byte)R3 R31 (Z-register high byte) 0 All the register operating instructions in the instruction set have direct- and single-cycle access to all registers. The only exception is the five constant arithmetic and logic instructions SBCI, SUBI, CPI, ANDI, and ORI between a constant and a register and the LDI instruction for load-immediate constant data. These instructions apply to the second half of the registers in the register file - R16..R31. The general SBC, SUB, CP, AND, OR, and all other operations between two registers or on a single-register apply to the entire register file. Registers 30 and 31 form a 16-bit pointer (the Z-pointer) which is used for indirect Flash memory and register file access. When the Register file is accessed, the contents of R31 is discarded by the CPU. The ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit The high-performance AVR ALU operates in direct connection with all the 32 general purpose working registers. Within a single clock cycle, ALU operations between registers in the register file are executed. The ALU operations are divided into three main categories - arithmetic, logic and bit-functions. Some microcontrollers in the AVR product family feature a hardware multiplier in the arithmetic part of the ALU. The ATtiny15L contains 1K byte On-chip, In-System Programmable Flash memory for program storage. Since all instructions are single 16-bit words, the Flash is organized as 512 x 16 words. The Flash memory has an endurance of at least 1,000 write/erase cycles. The ATtiny15L Program Counter is 9 bits wide, thus addressing the 512 words Flash program memory. See page 54 for a detailed description on Flash memory programming. The Flash Program Memory 6 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L The Program and Data Addressing Modes The ATtiny15L AVR RISC Microcontroller supports powerful and efficient addressing modes. This section describes the various addressing modes supported in the ATtiny15L. In the figures, OP means the operation code part of the instruction word. To simplify, not all figures show the exact location of the addressing bits. Figure 4. Direct Single-register Addressing Register Direct, Singleregister Rd The operand is contained in register d (Rd). Register Indirect Figure 5. Indirect Register Addressing REGISTER FILE 0 Z-register 30 31 The register accessed is the one pointed to by the Z-register low byte (R30). Register Direct, Two Registers Rd and Rr Figure 6. Direct Register Addressing, Two Registers 7 1187D-12/01 Operands are contained in register r (Rr) and d (Rd). The result is stored in register d (Rd). I/O Direct Figure 7. I/O Direct Addressing Operand address is contained in 6 bits of the instruction word. "n" is the destination or source register address. Relative Program Addressing, RJMP and RCALL Figure 8. Relative Program Memory Addressing +1 Program execution continues at address PC + k + 1. The relative address k is -2048 to 2047. Constant Addressing using the LPM Instruction Figure 9. Code Memory Constant Addressing $1FF 8 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Constant byte address is specified by the Z-register contents. The 15 MSBs select word address (0 - 511), and LSB selects low byte if cleared (LSB = 0) or high byte if set (LSB = 1). Subroutine and Interrupt Hardware Stack The ATtiny15L uses a 3-level-deep hardware stack for subroutines and interrupts. The hardware stack is 9 bits wide and stores the Program Counter (PC) return address while subroutines and interrupts are executed. RCALL instructions and interrupts push the PC return address onto stack level 0, and the data in the other stack levels 1 - 2 are pushed one level deeper in the stack. When a RET or RETI instruction is executed the returning PC is fetched from stack level 0, and the data in the other stack levels 1 - 2 are popped one level in the stack. If more than three subsequent subroutine calls or interrupts are executed, the first values written to the stack are overwritten. Pushing four return addresses A1, A2, A3, and A4 followed by four subroutine or interrupt returns, will pop A4, A3, A2, and once more A2 from the hardware stack. The EEPROM Data Memory The ATtiny15L contains 64 bytes of data EEPROM memory. It is organized as a separate data space, in which single bytes can be read and written. The EEPROM has an endurance of at least 100,000 write/erase cycles. The access between the EEPROM and the CPU is described on page 36, specifying the EEPROM Address Register, the EEPROM Data Register, and the EEPROM Control Register. This section describes the general access timing concepts for instruction execution and internal memory access. The AVR CPU is driven by the System Clock O, directly generated from the external clock crystal for the chip. No internal clock division is used. Figure 10 shows the parallel instruction fetches and instruction executions enabled by the Harvard architecture and the fast-access register file concept. This is the basic pipelining concept to obtain up to 1 MIPS per MHz with the corresponding unique results for functions per cost, functions per clocks, and functions per power-unit. Figure 10. The Parallel Instruction Fetches and Instruction Executions T1 T2 T3 T4 Memory Access and Instruction Execution Timing System Clock O 1st Instruction Fetch 1st Instruction Execute 2nd Instruction Fetch 2nd Instruction Execute 3rd Instruction Fetch 3rd Instruction Execute 4th Instruction Fetch Figure 11 shows the internal timing concept for the register file. In a single clock cycle an ALU operation using two register operands is executed, and the result is stored back to the destination register. 9 1187D-12/01 Figure 11. Single Cycle ALU Operation T1 T2 T3 T4 System Clock O Total Execution Time Register Operands Fetch ALU Operation Execute Result Write Back I/O Memory The I/O space definition of the ATtiny15L is shown in Table 2. Table 2. ATtiny15L I/O Space(1) Address Hex $3F $3B $3A $39 $38 $35 $34 $33 $32 $31 $30 $2F $2E $2D $2C $21 $1E $1D $1C $18 $17 $16 $08 $07 Name SREG GIMSK GIFR TIMSK TIFR MCUCR MCUSR TCCR0 TCNT0 OSCCAL TCCR1 TCNT1 OCR1A OCR1B SFIOR WDTCR EEAR EEDR EECR PORTB DDRB PINB ACSR ADMUX Function Status Register General Interrupt Mask Register General Interrupt Flag Register Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register MCU Control Register MCU Status Register Timer/Counter0 Control Register Timer/Counter0 (8-bit) Oscillator Calibration Register Timer/Counter1 Control Register Timer/Counter1 (8-bit) Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register A Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register B Special Function I/O Register Watchdog Timer Control Register EEPROM Address Register EEPROM Data Register EEPROM Control Register Data Register, Port B Data Direction Register, Port B Input Pins, Port B Analog Comparator Control and Status Register ADC Multiplexer Select Register 10 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Table 2. ATtiny15L I/O Space(1) (Continued) Address Hex $06 $05 Note: Name ADCSR ADCH Function ADC Control and Status Register ADC Data Register High $04 ADCL ADC Data Register Low 1. Reserved and unused locations are not shown in the table. All ATtiny15L I/O and peripheral registers are placed in the I/O space. The I/O locations are accessed by the IN and OUT instructions transferring data between the 32 general purpose working registers and the I/O space. I/O registers within the address range $00 - $1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer to the instruction set chapter for more details. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written. The I/O and peripheral control registers are explained in the following sections. The Status Register - SREG The AVR status register - SREG - at I/O space location $3F is defined as: Bit $3F Read/Write Initial Value 7 I R/W 0 6 T R/W 0 5 H R/W 0 4 S R/W 0 3 V R/W 0 2 N R/W 0 1 Z R/W 0 0 C R/W 0 SREG * Bit 7 - I: Global Interrupt Enable The global interrupt enable bit must be set (one) for the interrupts to be enabled. The individual interrupt enable control is then performed in the interrupt mask registers - GIMSK and TIMSK. If the global interrupt enable register is cleared (zero), none of the interrupts are enabled independent of the GIMSK and TIMSK values. The I-bit is cleared by hardware after an interrupt has occurred, and is set by the RETI instruction to enable subsequent interrupts. * Bit 6 - T: Bit Copy Storage The bit copy instructions BLD (Bit LoaD) and BST (Bit STore) use the T-bit as source and destination for the operated bit. A bit from a register in the register file can be copied into T by the BST instruction, and a bit in T can be copied into a bit in a register in the register file by the BLD instruction. * Bit 5 - H: Half-carry Flag The half-carry flag H indicates a half-carry in some arithmetic operations. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information. * Bit 4 - S: Sign Bit, S = N V The S-bit is always an exclusive or between the negative flag N and the two's complement overflow flag V. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information. * Bit 3 - V: Two's Complement Overflow Flag The two's complement overflow flag V supports two's complement arithmetics. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information. * Bit 2 - N: Negative Flag The negative flag N indicates a negative result after the different arithmetic and logic operations. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information. 11 1187D-12/01 * Bit 1 - Z: Zero Flag The zero flag Z indicates a zero result after the different arithmetic and logic operations. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information. * Bit 0 - C: Carry Flag The carry flag C indicates a carry in an arithmetic or logic operation. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information. Reset and Interrupt Handling The ATtiny15L provides eight interrupt sources. These interrupts and the separate reset vector each have a separate program vector in the program memory space. All the interrupts are assigned individual enable bits that must be set (one) together with the I-bit in the status register in order to enable the interrupt. The lowest addresses in the program memory space are automatically defined as the Reset and Interrupt vectors. The complete list of vectors is shown in Table 3. The list also determines the priority levels of the different interrupts. The lower the address the higher is the priority level. RESET has the highest priority, and next is INT0 (the External Interrupt Request 0), etc. Table 3. Reset and Interrupt Vectors Vector No. 1 Program Address $000 Source RESET Interrupt Definition External Reset, Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset, and Watchdog Reset External Interrupt Request 0 Pin Change Interrupt Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A Timer/Counter1 Overflow Timer/Counter0 Overflow EEPROM Ready Analog Comparator ADC Conversion Complete 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $001 $002 $003 $004 $005 $006 $007 $008 INT0 I/O Pins TIMER1, COMPA TIMER1, OVF TIMER0, OVF EE_RDY ANA_COMP ADC The most typical and general program setup for the Reset and Interrupt Vector Addresses are: Address $000 $001 $002 $003 $004 $005 $006 $007 $008 ; $009 ... MAIN: ... 12 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L ATtiny15L Reset Sources The ATtiny15L has four sources of reset: * * * * Power-on Reset. The MCU is reset when the supply voltage is below the Power-on Reset threshold (VPOR). External Reset. The MCU is reset when a low-level is present on the RESET pin for more than 500 ns. Watchdog Reset. The MCU is reset when the Watchdog Timer period expires, and the Watchdog is enabled. Brown-out Reset. The MCU is reset when the supply voltage VCC is below the Brown-out Reset threshold (VBOT). During reset, all I/O registers are then set to their initial values, and the program starts execution from address $000. The instruction placed in address $000 must be an RJMP (relative jump) instruction to the reset handling routine. If the program never enables an interrupt source, the interrupt vectors are not used, and regular program code can be placed at these locations. The circuit diagram in Figure 12 shows the reset logic. Table 4 and Table 5 define the timing and electrical parameters of the reset circuitry. Note that the register file is unchanged by a reset. Figure 12. Reset Logic DATA BUS MCU Status Register (MCUSR) Power-on Reset Circuit BODEN BODLEVEL Brown-out Reset Circuit Reset Circuit Watchdog Timer Watchdog Oscillator Tunable Internal Oscillator CK PORF BORF EXTRF WDRF Delay Counters TIMEOUT CKSEL[1:0] 13 1187D-12/01 Table 4. Reset Characteristics (VCC = 5.0V)(1) Symbol Parameter Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage (rising) VPOT Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage (falling)(1) VRST VBOT Note: RESET Pin Threshold Voltage Brown-out Reset Threshold Voltage (BODLEVEL = 1) (BODLEVEL = 0) Condition BOD disabled BOD enabled BOD disabled BOD enabled Min 1.0 1.7 0.4 1.7 - 2.6 3.8 Typ 1.4 2.2 0.6 2.2 - 2.7 4.0 Max 1.8 2.7 0.8 2.7 0.85 VCC 2.8 4.2 Units V V V V V V V 1. The Power-on Reset will not work unless the supply voltage has been below VPOT (falling). Table 5. Reset Delay Selections(1) CKSEL [1:0](2) 00 01 10 11 11 Start-up Time, tTOUT at VCC = 2.7V 256 ms + 18 CK 256 ms + 18 CK 16 ms + 18 CK 18 CK + 32 s 18 CK + 128 s Start-up Time, tTOUT at VCC = 5.0V 64 ms + 18 CK 64 ms + 18 CK 4 ms + 18 CK 18 CK + 8 s 18 CK + 32 s BODEN(2) x x x 1 0 Notes: Recommended Usage BOD disabled, slowly rising power BOD disabled, slowly rising power BOD disabled, quickly rising power BOD disabled BOD enabled 1. On power-up, the start-up time is increased with typical 0.6 ms. 2. "0" means programmed, "1" means unprogrammed. Table 5 shows the start-up times from Reset. When the CPU wakes up from Powerdown, only the clock-counting part of the start-up time is used. The Watchdog Oscillator is used for timing the real-time part of the start-up time. The number Watchdog Oscillator cycles used for each time-out is shown in Table 6. The frequency of the Watchdog Oscillator is voltage dependent as shown in the Electrical Characteristics section on page 64. The device is shipped with CKSEL = "00". 14 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Table 6. Number of Watchdog Oscillator Cycles VCC Conditions 2.7V 2.7V 2.7V 2.7V 5.0V 5.0V 5.0V 5.0V Time-out 32 s 128 s 16 ms 256 ms 8 s 32 s 4 ms 64 ms Number of Cycles 8 32 4K 64K 8 32 4K 64K Power-on Reset A Power-on Reset (POR) pulse is generated by an On-chip Detection circuit. The detection level is nominally defined in Table 4. The POR is activated whenever VCC is below the detection level. The POR circuit can be used to trigger the Start-up Reset, as well as detect a failure in supply voltage. A Power-on Reset (POR) circuit ensures that the device is reset from Power-on. Reaching the Power-on Reset threshold voltage invokes a delay counter, which determines the delay, for which the device is kept in RESET after VCC rise. The time-out period of the delay counter can be defined by the user through the CKSEL fuses. The different selections for the delay period are presented in Table 5. The RESET signal is activated again, without any delay, when the VCC decreases below detection level. Figure 13. "MCU Start-up, RESET Tied to VCC VCC VPOT RESET VRST TIME-OUT tTOUT INTERNAL RESET 15 1187D-12/01 Figure 14. MCU Start-up, RESET Extended Externally VCC VPOT RESET VRST TIME-OUT tTOUT INTERNAL RESET External Reset An External Reset is generated by a low-level on the RESET pin. Reset pulses longer than 500 ns will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. When the applied signal reaches the Reset Threshold Voltage (VRST) on its positive edge, the delay timer starts the MCU after the Time-out period tTOUT has expired. Figure 15. External Reset during Operation Brown-out Detection ATtiny15L has an On-chip Brown-out Detection (BOD) circuit for monitoring the VCC level during the operation. The BOD circuit can be enabled/disabled by the fuse BODEN. When BODEN is enabled (BODEN programmed), and VCC decreases below the trigger level, the Brown-out Reset is immediately activated. When VCC increases above the trigger level, the Brown-out Reset is deactivated after a delay. The delay is defined by the user in the same way as the delay of POR signal, in Table 5. The trigger level for the BOD can be selected by the fuse BODLEVEL to be 2.7V (BODLEVEL unprogrammed), or 4.0V (BODLEVEL programmed). The trigger level has a hysteresis of 50 mV to ensure spike-free Brown-out Detection. The BOD circuit will only detect a drop in VCC if the voltage stays below the trigger level for longer than 3 s for trigger level 4.0V, 7 s for trigger level 2.7V (typical values). 16 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Figure 16. Brown-out Reset during Operation(1) VCC VBOTVBOT+ RESET TIME-OUT tTOUT INTERNAL RESET Note: 1. The hysteresis on VBOT: VBOT+ = VBOT + 25 mV, VBOT- = VBOT - 25 mV. Watchdog Reset When the Watchdog times out, it will generate a short reset pulse of 1 CK cycle duration. On the falling edge of this pulse, the delay timer starts counting the time-out period tTOUT. Refer to page 34 for details on operation of the Watchdog Timer. Figure 17. Watchdog Reset during Operation 1 CK Cycle MCU Status Register - MCUSR The MCU Status Register provides information on which reset source caused an MCU reset. Bit $34 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 - R 0 4 - R 0 3 WDRF R/W 2 BORF R/W 1 EXTRF R/W See Bit Description 0 PORF R/W MCUSR * Bit 7..4 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. * Bit 3 - WDRF: Watchdog Reset Flag This bit is set (one) if a Watchdog Reset occurs. The bit is reset (zero) by a Power-on Reset, or by writing a logical "0" to the flag. * Bit 2 - BORF: Brown-out Reset Flag This bit is set (one) if a Brown-out Reset occurs. The bit is reset (zero) by a Power-on Reset, or by writing a logical "0" to the flag. 17 1187D-12/01 * Bit 1 - EXTRF: External Reset Flag This bit is set (one) if a External Reset occurs. The bit is reset (zero) by a Power-on Reset, or by writing a logical "0" to the flag. * Bit 0 - PORF: Power-on Reset Flag This bit is set (one) if a Power-on Reset occurs. The bit is reset (zero) by writing a logical "0" to the flag. To make use of the reset flags to identify a reset condition, the user should read and then reset the MCUSR as early as possible in the program. If the register is cleared before another reset occurs, the source of the reset can be found by examining the reset flags. Internal Voltage Reference ATtiny15L features an internal bandgap reference with a nominal voltage of 1.22V. This reference is used for Brown-out Detection, and it can be used as an input to the Analog Comparator. The 2.56V reference to the ADC is generated from the internal bandgap reference. The voltage reference has a start-up time that may influence the way it should be used. The maximum start-up time is TBD. To save power, the reference is not always turned on. The reference is on during the following situations: 1. When the BOD is enabled (by programming the BODEN fuse). 2. When the bandgap reference is connected to the Analog Comparator (by setting the AINBG bit in ACSR). 3. When the ADC is enabled. Thus, when the BOD is not enabled, after setting the AINBG bit, the user must always allow the reference to start-up before the output from the Analog Comparator is used. The bandgap reference uses typically 10 A, and to reduce power consumption in Power-down mode, the user can avoid the three conditions above to ensure that the reference is turned off before entering Power-down mode. Voltage Reference Enable Signals and Start-up Time Interrupt Handling The ATtiny15L has two 8-bit Interrupt Mask control registers: GIMSK (General Interrupt Mask register) and TIMSK (Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask register). When an interrupt occurs, the Global Interrupt Enable I-bit is cleared (zero) and all interrupts are disabled. The user software can set the I-bit (one) to enable interrupts. The Ibit is set (one) when a Return from Interrupt instruction (RETI) is executed. When the Program Counter is vectored to the actual interrupt vector in order to execute the interrupt handling routine, hardware clears the corresponding flag that generated the interrupt. Some of the interrupt flags can also be cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag bit position(s) to be cleared. If an interrupt condition occurs when the corresponding interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), the interrupt flag will be set and remembered until the interrupt is enabled, or the flag is cleared by software. If one or more interrupt conditions occur when the global interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), the corresponding interrupt flag(s) will be set and remembered until the global interrupt enable bit is set (one), and will be executed by order of priority. Note that external level interrupt does not have a flag, and will only be remembered for as long as the interrupt condition is present. 18 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Note that the Status Register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine and restored when returning from an interrupt routine. This must be handled by software. Interrupt Response Time The interrupt execution response for all the enabled AVR interrupts is four clock cycles minimum. After the four clock cycles the program vector address for the actual interrupt handling routine is executed. During this 4-clock-cycle period, the Program Counter (9 bits) is pushed onto the Stack. The vector is often a relative jump to the interrupt routine, and this jump takes two clock cycles. If an interrupt occurs during execution of a multicycle instruction, this instruction is completed before the interrupt is served. If an interrupt occurs when the MCU is in Sleep mode, the interrupt execution response time is increased by four clock cycles. A return from an interrupt handling routine takes four clock cycles. During these four clock cycles, the Program Counter (9 bits) is popped back from the Stack. When AVR exits from an interrupt, it will always return to the main program and execute one more instruction before any pending interrupt is served. The General Interrupt Mask Register - GIMSK Bit $3B Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 INT0 R/W 0 5 PCIE R/W 0 4 - R 0 3 - R 0 2 - R 0 1 - R 0 0 - R 0 GIMSK * Bit 7 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. * Bit 6 - INT0: External Interrupt Request 0 Enable When the INT0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one), the external pin interrupt is activated. The Interrupt Sense Control0 bits 1/0 (ISC01 and ISC00) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) define whether the external interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge, on pin change, or low level of the INT0 pin. Activity on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT0 is configured as an output. The corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 0 is executed from program memory address $001. See also "External Interrupts." * Bit 5 - PCIE: Pin Change Interrupt Enable When the PCIE bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one), the interrupt on pin change is enabled. Any change on any input or I/O pin will cause an interrupt. The corresponding interrupt of Pin Change Interrupt Request is executed from program memory address $002. See also "Pin Change Interrupt." * Bits 4..0 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. The General Interrupt Flag Register - GIFR Bit $3A Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 INTF0 R/W 0 5 PCIF R/W 0 4 - R 0 3 - R 0 2 - R 0 1 - R 0 0 - R 0 GIFR * Bit 7 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. 19 1187D-12/01 * Bit 6 - INTF0: External Interrupt Flag0 When an edge or logic change on the INT0 pin triggers an interrupt request, INTF0 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the INT0 bit in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector at address $001. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical "1" to it. The flag is always cleared when INT0 is configured as level interrupt. * Bit 5 - PCIF: Pin Change Interrupt Flag When an event on any input or I/O pin triggers an interrupt request, PCIF becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the PCIE bit in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector at address $002. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical "1" to it. * Bits 4..0 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. The Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register - TIMSK Bit $39 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 OCIE1A R/W 0 5 - R 0 4 - R 0 3 - R 0 2 TOIE1 R/W 0 1 TOIE0 R/W 0 0 - R 0 TIMSK * Bit 7 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. * Bit 6 - OCIE1A: Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Interrupt Enable When the OCIE1A bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Compare Match, interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $003) is executed if a compare match A in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the OCF1A bit is set (one) in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). * Bit 5..3 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. * Bit 2 - TOIE1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt Enable When the TOIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $004) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the TOV1 bit is set (one) in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). * Bit 1 - TOIE0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable When the TOIE0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $005) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter0 occurs, i.e., when the TOV0 bit is set (one) in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). * Bit 0 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. 20 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L The Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register - TIFR Bit $38 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 OCF1A R/W 0 5 - R 0 4 - R 0 3 - R 0 2 TOV1 R/W 0 1 TOV0 R/W 0 0 - R 0 TIFR * Bit 7 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. * Bit 6 - OCF1A: Output Compare Flag 1A The OCF1A bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between Timer/Counter1 and the data value in OCR1A (Output Compare Register 1A). OCF1A is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, OCF1A is cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, OCIE1A, and OCF1A are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 compare match A interrupt is executed. * Bits 5..3 - Res: Reserved bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. * Bit 2 - TOV1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Flag The bit TOV1 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter1. TOV1 is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV1 is cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, TOIE1 (Ti mer /Counter 1 O v erfl ow Inte rr upt Enabl e) and TOV 1 ar e s et ( one ), the Timer/Counter1 Overflow interrupt is executed. * Bit 1 - TOV0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Flag The bit TOV0 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter0. TOV0 is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV0 is cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, TOIE0 (Ti mer /Counter 0 O v erfl ow Inte rr upt Enabl e) and TOV 0 ar e s et ( one ), the Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is executed. * Bit 0 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. External Interrupt The external interrupt is triggered by the INT0 pin. Observe that, if enabled, the interrupt will trigger even if the INT0 pin is configured as an output. This feature provides a way of generating a software interrupt. The external interrupt can be triggered by a falling or rising edge, a pin change, or a low level. This is set up as indicated in the specification for the MCU Control Register (MCUCR). When the external interrupt is enabled and is configured as level-triggered, the interrupt will trigger as long as the pin is held low. The external interrupt is set up as described in the specification for the MCU Control Register (MCUCR). Pin Change Interrupt The pin change interrupt is triggered by any change in logical value on any input or I/O pin. Change on pins PB4..0 will always cause an interrupt. Change on pin PB5 will cause an interrupt if the pin is configured as input or I/O, as described in the section "Pin Descriptions" on page 4. Observe that, if enabled, the interrupt will trigger even if the changing pin is configured as an output. This feature provides a way of generating a software interrupt. Also observe that the pin change interrupt will trigger even if the pin activity triggers another interrupt, for example the external interrupt. This implies that one external event might cause several interrupts. The values on the pins are sampled before detecting edges. If pin change interrupt is enabled, pulses that last longer than 21 1187D-12/01 one CPU clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate an interrupt. The MCU Control Register - MCUCR The MCU Control Register contains control bits for general MCU functions. Bit $35 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 PUD R/W 0 5 SE R/W 0 4 SM1 R/W 0 3 SM0 R/W 0 2 - R 0 1 ISC01 R/W 0 0 ISC00 R/W 0 MCUCR * Bits 7 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. * Bit 6- PUD: Pull-up Disable This PUD bit must be set (one) to disable internal pull-up registers at Port B. * Bit 5 - SE: Sleep Enable The SE bit must be set (one) to make the MCU enter the sleep mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed. To avoid the MCU entering the sleep mode unless it is the programmer's purpose, it is recommended to set the Sleep Enable SE bit just before the execution of the SLEEP instruction. * Bits 4, 3 - SM1, SM0: Sleep Mode Select Bits 1 and 0 These bits select between the three available sleep modes, as shown in Table 7. Table 7. Sleep Modes SM1 0 0 1 1 SM0 0 1 0 1 Sleep Mode Idle mode ADC Noise Reduction mode Power-down mode Reserved For details, refer to "Sleep Modes" below. * Bit 2 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and always reads as zero. * Bits 1, 0 - ISC01, ISC00: Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 1 and Bit 0 The External Interrupt 0 is activated by the external pin INT0 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask is set (one). The activity on the external INT0 pin that activates the interrupt is defined in Table 8: Table 8. Interrupt 0 Sense Control(1) ISC01 0 0 1 1 Note: ISC00 0 1 0 1 Description The low level of INT0 generates an interrupt request. Any change on INT0 generates an interrupt request The falling edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request. The rising edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request. 1. When changing the ISC10/ISC00 bits, INT0 must be disabled by clearing its Interrupt Enable bit in the GIMSK register. Otherwise an interrupt can occur when the bits are changed. 22 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Sleep Modes To enter any of the three sleep modes, the SE bit in MCUCR must be set (one) and a SLEEP instruction must be executed. The SM1 and SM0 bits in the MCUCR register select which sleep mode (Idle, ADC Noise Reduction or Power-down) will be activated by the SLEEP instruction (see Table 7). If an enabled interrupt occurs while the MCU is in a sleep mode, the MCU wakes up. The MCU is then halted for four cycles, executes the interrupt routine and resumes execution from the instruction following SLEEP. On wake-up from Power-down mode on pin change, the two instructions following SLEEP. The contents of the register file, SRAM, and I/O memory are unaltered when the device wakes up from sleep. If a reset occurs during sleep mode, the MCU wakes up and executes from the Reset vector. When the SM1/SM0 bits are "00", the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Idle mode, stopping the CPU but allowing the ADC, Analog Comparator, Timer/Counters, Watchdog and the Interrupt system to continue operating. This enables the MCU to wake up from external triggered interrupts as well as internal ones like the Timer Overflow interrupt and Watchdog Reset. If the ADC is enabled, a conversion starts automatically when this mode is entered. If wake-up from the Analog Comparator interrupt is not required, the Analog Comparator can be powered down by setting the ADCbit in the Analog Comparator Control and Status Register (ACSR). This will reduce power consumption in Idle mode. When the SM1/SM0 bits are "01", the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the ADC Noise Reduction mode, stopping the CPU but allowing the ADC, the external interrupt pin, pin change interrupt and the Watchdog (if enabled) to continue operating. Please note that the clock system including the PLL is also active in the ADC Noise Reduction mode. This improves the noise environment for the ADC, enabling higher resolution measurements. If the ADC is enabled, a conversion starts automatically when this mode is entered. In addition to Watchdog Time-out and External Reset, only an external leveltriggered interrupt, a pin change interrupt or an ADC interrupt can wake up the MCU. When the SM1/SM0 bits are "10", the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Powerdown mode. Only an External Reset, a Watchdog Reset (if enabled), an external leveltriggered interrupt, or a pin change interrupt can wake up the MCU. Note that if a level-triggered or pin change interrupt is used for wake-up from Powerdown mode, the changed level must be held for some time to wake up the MCU. This makes the MCU less sensitive to noise. The changed level is sampled twice by the Watchdog Oscillator clock, and if the input has the required level during this time, the MCU will wake up. The period of the waTchdog Oscillator is 2.9 s (nominal) at 3.0V and 25C. The frequency of the Watchdog Oscillator is voltage-dependent as shown in the "Electrical Characteristics" section. When waking up from the Power-down mode, a delay from the wake-up condition occurs until the wake-up becomes effective. This allows the clock to restart and become stable after having been stopped. The wake-up period is defined by the same CKSEL fuses that define the reset time-out period. Idle Mode ADC Noise Reduction Mode Power-down Mode 23 1187D-12/01 Tunable Internal RC Oscillator The System Clock Oscillator Calibration Register - OSCCAL The internal RC oscillator provides a fixed 1.6 MHz clock (nominal at 5V and 25C). This internal clock is always the system clock of the ATtiny15L. This oscillator can be calibrated by writing the calibration byte (see page 55) to the OSCCAL register. Bit $31 Read/Write Initial Value 7 CAL7 R/W 0 6 CAL6 R/W 0 5 CAL5 R/W 0 4 CAL4 R/W 0 3 CAL3 R/W 0 2 CAL2 R/W 0 1 CAL1 R/W 0 0 CAL0 R/W 0 OSCCAL Writing the calibration byte to this address will trim the internal oscillator frequency in order to remove process variations. When OSCCAL is zero (initial value), the lowest available frequency is chosen. Writing non-zero values to this register will increase the frequency of the internal oscillator. Writing $FF to the register selects the highest available frequency. Internal PLL for Fast Peripheral Clock Generation The internal PLL in ATtiny15L generates a clock frequency that is 16x multiplied from the RC oscillator system clock. If the RC oscillator frequency is the nominal 1.6 MHz, the fast peripheral clock is 25.6 MHz. The fast peripheral clock, or a clock prescaled from that, can be selected as the clock source for Timer/Counter1. The PLL is locked on the tunable internal RC oscillator and adjusting the tunable internal RC oscillator via the OSCCAL register will adjust the fast peripheral clock at the same time. Timer1 may malfunction if the internal RC oscillator is adjusted beyond 1.75 MHz. It is recommended not to take the OSCCAL adjustments to a higher frequency than 1.75 MHz in order to keep proper operation of all chip functions. 24 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Timer/Counters The ATtiny15L provides two general purpose 8-bit Timer/Counters. The Timer/Counters hav e se par ate p re sc al ing s ele cti on fr om s epar at e 1 0- bit pr es c ale rs . Th e Timer/Counter0 uses internal clock (CK) as the clock time base. The Timer/Counter1 may use either the internal clock (CK) or the fast peripheral clock (PCK) as the clock time base. Figure 18 shows the Timer/Counter prescaler. Figure 18. Timer/Counter0 Prescaler CK CLEAR CK/8 The Timer/Counter0 Prescaler 10-BIT T/C PRESCALER CK/64 CK/256 CK/1024 PSR0 T0 0 CS00 CS01 CS02 TIMER/COUNTER0 CLOCK SOURCE TCK0 The four prescaled selections are: CK/8, CK/64, CK/256, and CK/1024, where CK is the oscillator clock. CK, external source and stop, can also be selected as clock sources. Setting the PSR10 bit in SFIOR resets the prescaler. This allows the user to operate with a predictable prescaler. The Timer/Counter1 Prescaler Figure 19 shows the Timer/Counter1 prescaler. For Timer/Counter1 the clock selections are: PCK, PCK/2, PCK/4, PCK/8, CK (=PCK/16), CK/2, CK/4, CK/8,CK/16, CK/32, CK/64, CK/128, CK/256, CK/512, CK/1024, and stop. The clock options are described in Table 12 on page 32 and the Timer/Counter1 Control Register (TCCR1). Setting the PSR1 bit in the SFIOR register resets the 10-bit prescaler. This allows the user to operate with a predictable prescaler. 25 1187D-12/01 Figure 19. Timer/Counter1 Prescaler CK (1.6 MHz) PSR1 PCK (25.6 MHz) CLEAR 10-BIT T/C PRESCALER CLEAR 3-BIT T/C PRESCALER CK (=PCK/16) PCK/8 CS10 CS11 CS12 CS13 TIMER/COUNTER1 CLOCK SOURCE The Special Function IO Register - SFIOR Bit $2C Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 - R 0 4 - R 0 3 - R 0 CK/8 0 2 FOC1A R/W 0 CK/64 1 PSR1 R/W 0 CK/128 CK/16 CK/32 0 PSR0 R/W 0 SFIOR * Bit 7..3 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. * Bit 2 - FOC1A: Force Output Compare 1A Writing a logical "1" to this bit forces a change in the compare match output pin PB1 (OC1A) according to the values already set in COM1A1 and COM1A0. The Force Output Compare bit can be used to change the output pin without waiting for a compare match in timer. The automatic action programmed in COM1A1 and COM1A0 happens as if a Compare Match had occurred, but no interrupt is generated and the Timer/Counter1 will not be cleared even if CTC1 is set. The FOC1A bit will always be read as zero. The setting of the FOC1A bit has no effect in PWM mode. * Bit 1 - PSR1: Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter1 When this bit is set (one) the Timer/Counter1 prescaler will be reset. The bit will be cleared by hardware after the operation is performed. Writing a "0" to this bit will have no effect. This bit will always be read as zero. * Bit 0 - PSR0: Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter0 When this bit is set (one) the Timer/Counter0 prescaler will be reset. The bit will be cleared by hardware after the operation is performed. Writing a "0" to this bit will have no effect. This bit will always be read as zero. 26 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 CK/512 CK/4 CK/1024 PCK/2 PCK/4 CK/2 CK/256 ATtiny15L The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 Figure 20 shows the block diagram for Timer/Counter0. The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK or an external pin. In addition, it can be stopped as described in the specification for the Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The overflow status flag is found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The interrupt enable/disable settings for Timer/Counter0 are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK). When Timer/Counter0 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the oscillator frequency of the CPU. To ensure proper sampling of the external clock, the minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU clock. The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 features both a high-resolution and a high-accuracy usage with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high-prescaling opportunities make the Timer/Counter0 useful for lower-speed functions or exact-timing functions with infrequent actions. Figure 20. Timer/Counter0 Block Diagram OCIE1A OCF1A TOIE1 TOIE0 TOV1 TOV0 CS02 CS01 T/C CLK SOURCE The Timer/Counter0 Control Register - TCCR0 Bit $33 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 - R 0 4 - R 0 TOV0 3 - R 0 2 CS02 R/W 0 1 CS01 R/W 0 CS00 R/W 0 CS00 0 TCCR0 * Bits 7..3 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. 27 1187D-12/01 * Bits 2, 1, 0 - CS02, CS01, CS00: Clock Select0, Bits 2, 1 and 0 The Clock Select0 bits 2, 1 and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer0. Table 9. Clock 0 Prescale Select CS02 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 CS01 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 CS00 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Description Stop, the Timer/Counter0 is stopped. CK CK/8 CK/64 CK/256 CK/1024 External Pin T0, falling edge External Pin T0, rising edge The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The prescaled CK modes are scaled directly from the CK oscillator clock. If the external pin modes are used for Timer/Counter0, transitions on PB2/(T0) will clock the counter even if the pin is configured as an output. This feature can give the user SW control of counting. The Timer Counter 0 - TCNT0 Bit $32 Read/Write Initial Value 7 MSB R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB R/W 0 TCNT0 The Timer/Counter0 is implemented as an up-counter with read and write access. If the Timer/Counter0 is written and a clock source is present, the Timer/Counter0 continues counting in the timer clock cycle following the write operation. 28 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L The 8-bit Timer/Counter1 This module features a high-resolution and a high-accuracy usage with the lower prescaling opportunities. Timer/Counter1 can also be used as an accurate, high speed, 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator using clock speeds up to 25.6 MHz. In this mode, Timer/Counter1 and the output compare registers serve as a standalone PWM. Refer to page 34 for a detailed description of this function. Similarly, the high-prescaling opportunities make this unit useful for lower-speed functions or exact-timing functions with infrequent actions. Figure 21 shows the block diagram for Timer/Counter1. Figure 21. Timer/Counter1 Block Diagram T/C1 OVERFLOW IRQ T/C1 A COMPARE MATCH IRQ T/C1 OC1A PIN/ PORT PB1 (PWM OUTPUT) OCIE1A TOIE1 TOIE0 OCF1A TOV1 TIMER INT. MASK REGISTER (TIMSK) TIMER INT. FLAG REGISTER (TIFR) CTC1 OCF1A TOV1 TOV0 T/C CONTROL REGISTER 1 (TCCR1) COM1A1 COM1A0 PWM1 CS13 CS12 CS11 CS10 SFIOR FOC1 PSR1 PSR0 TIMER/COUNTER1 (TCNT1) T/C CLEAR T/C1 CONTROL LOGIC CK PCK 8-BIT COMPARATOR 8-BIT COMPARATOR T/C1 OUTPUT COMPARE REGISTER A (OCR1A) T/C1 OUTPUT COMPARE REGISTER B (OCR1B) 8-BIT DATA BUS The two status flags (overflow and compare match) are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter Control Register (TCCR1). The interrupt enable/disable settings are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK). The Timer/Counter1 contains two Output Compare registers, OCR1A and OCR1B, as the data source to be compared with the Timer/Counter1 contents. In normal mode the Output Compare function is operational with OCR1A only, and the Output Compare function includes optional clearing of the counter on compare match, and action on the Output Compare Pin (PB1) (OC1A). In PWM mode OCR1A provides the data value against which the Timer/Counter value is compared. Upon compare match the PWM output is generated. In PWM mode The Timer/Counter counts up to the value specified in output compare register OCR1B and starts again from $00. This feature allows limiting the counter "full" value to a specified 29 1187D-12/01 value, lower than $FF. Together with the many prescaler options, flexible PWM frequency selection is provided. Table 14 lists clock selection and OCR1B values to obtain PWM frequencies from 10 kHz to 150 kHz at 10 kHz steps. The Timer/Counter1 Control Register - TCCR1 Bit $30 Read/Write Initial Value 7 CTC1 R/W 0 6 PWM1 R/W 0 5 COM1A1 R/W 0 4 COM1A0 R/W 0 3 CS13 R/W 0 2 CS12 R/W 0 1 CS11 R/W 0 0 CS10 R/W 0 TCCR1 * Bit 7 - CTC1: Clear Timer/Counter on Compare Match When the CTC1 control bit is set (one), Timer/Counter1 is reset to $00 in the CPU clock cycle after a compare match with OCR1A register value. If the control bit is cleared, Timer/Counter1 continues counting and is unaffected by a compare match. * Bit 6 - PWM1: Pulse Width Modulator Enable When set (one), this bit enables PWM mode for Timer/Counter1. This mode is described on page 31. * Bits 5,4 - COM1A1, COM1A0: Compare Output Mode, Bits 1 and 0 The COM1A1 and COM1A0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match A in Timer/Counter1. Output pin actions affect pin PB1(OC1A). Since this is an alternative function to an I/O port, the corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control an output pin. The control configuration is shown in Table 10. Table 10. Compare Mode Select(1) COM1A1 0 0 1 1 Note: COM1A0 0 1 0 1 Description Timer/Counter disconnected from output pin OC1A Toggle the OC1A output line. Clear the OC1A output line (to zero). Set the OC1A output line (to one). 1. In PWM mode, these bits have a different function. Refer to Table 12 for a detailed description.When changing the COM1A1/COM1A0 bits, the Output Compare 1A Interrupt must be disabled by clearing its Interrupt Enable bit in the TIMSK Register. Otherwise an interrupt can occur when the bits are changed. * Bits 3, 2, 1, 0 - CS13, CS12, CS11, CS10: Clock Select Bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 The Clock Select bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter1. Table 11. Timer/Counter1 Prescale Select CS13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CS12 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 CS11 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 CS10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Description Timer/Counter1 is stopped. CK*16 (=PCK) CK*8 (=PCK/2) CK*4 (=PCK/4) CK*2 (=PCK/8) CK CK/2 CK/4 30 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Table 11. Timer/Counter1 Prescale Select (Continued) CS13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CS12 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 CS11 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 CS10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Description CK/8 CK/16 CK/32 CK/64 CK/128 CK/256 CK/512 CK/1024 The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The prescaled CK modes are scaled directly from the CK oscillator clock. The Timer/Counter1 - TCNT1 Bit $2F Read/Write Initial Value 7 MSB R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB R/W 0 TCNT1 This 8-bit register contains the value of Timer/Counter1. Timer/Counter1 is implemented as an up-counter with read and write access. Due to synchronization of the CPU and Timer/Counter1, data written into Timer/Counter1 is delayed by one CPU clock cycle. Timer/Counter1 Output Compare RegisterA - OCR1A Bit $2E Read/Write Initial Value 7 MSB R/W 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB OCR1A R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 The Output Compare Register 1A is an 8-bit read/write register. The Timer/Counter Output Compare Register 1A contains the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in TCCR1. A compare match occurs only if Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR1A value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set (one) the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Timer/Counter1 in PWM Mode When the PWM mode is selected, Timer/Counter1 and the Output Compare Register A (OCR1A) form an 8-bit, free-running and glitch-free PWM with outputs on the PB1(OC1A) pin. Timer/Counter1 acts as an up-counter, counting up from $00 up to the value specified in the second output compare register OCR1B, and starting from $00 up again. When the counter value matches the contents of the Output Compare register OCR1A, the PB1(OC1A) pin is set or cleared according to the settings of the COM1A1/COM1A0 bits in the Timer/Counter1 Control Registers TCCR1. Refer to Table 12 for details. 31 1187D-12/01 Table 12. Compare Mode Select in PWM Mode COM1A1 0 0 1 1 COM1A0 0 1 0 1 Effect on Compare Pin Not connected Not connected Cleared on compare match (up-counting) (non-inverted PWM). Set when TCNT1 = $00. Set on compare match (up-counting) (inverted PWM). Cleared when TCNT1 = $00. Note that in PWM mode, writing to the Output Compare OCR1A, the data value is first transferred to a temporary location. The value is latched into OCR1A when the Timer/Counter reaches OCR1B. This prevents the occurrence of odd-length PWM pulses (glitches) in the event of an unsynchronized OCR1A write. See Figure 22 for an example. Figure 22. Effects of Unsynchronized OCR Latching Compare Value Changes Counter Value Compare Value PWM Output OC1A Synchronized OC1A Latch Compare Value Changes Counter Value Compare Value PWM Output OC1A Unsynchronized OC1A Latch Glitch During the time between the write and the latch operation, a read from OCR1A will read the contents of the temporary location. This means that the most recently written value always will read out of OCR1A. When OCR1A contains $00 or the top value, as specified in OCR1B register, the output PB1(OC1A) is held low or high according to the settings of COM1A1/COM1A0. This is shown in Table 13. 32 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Timer/Counter1 Output Compare RegisterB - OCR1B Bit $2D Read/Write Initial Value 7 MSB R/W 1 R/W 1 R/W 1 R/W 1 R/W 1 R/W 1 R/W 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB R/W 1 OCR1B The Output Compare Register1 (OCR1B) is an 8-bit read/write register. This register is used in the PWM mode only, and it limits the top value to which the Timer/Counter1 keeps counting. After reaching OCR1B in PWM mode, the counter starts from $00. Table 13. PWM Outputs when OCR1A = $00 or OCR1B COM1A1 1 1 1 1 COM1A0 0 0 1 1 OCR1B $00 OCR1B $00 OCR1B Output PWMn L H H L In PWM mode, the Timer Overflow Flag (TOV1) is set as in normal Timer/Counter mode. Timer Overflow Interrupt1 operates exactly as in normal Timer/Counter mode, i.e., it is executed when TOV1 is set provided that Timer Overflow Interrupt and global interrupts are enabled. This also applies to the Timer Output Compare A flag and interrupt. The frequency of the PWM will be Timer Clock Frequency divided by OCR1B value + 1. Table 14. Timer/Counter1 Clock Prescale Select Clock Selection CK PCK/8 PCK/4 PCK/4 PCK/2 PCK/2 PCK/2 PCK/2 PCK/2 PCK PCK PCK PCK PCK PCK OCR1B 159 159 213 159 255 213 181 159 141 255 231 213 195 181 169 PWM Frequency 10 kHz 20 kHz 30 kHz 40 kHz 50 kHz 60 kHz 70 kHz 80 kHz 90 kHz 100 kHz 110 kHz 120 kHz 130 kHz 140 kHz 150 kHz 33 1187D-12/01 The Watchdog Timer The Watchdog Timer is clocked from a separate On-chip Oscillator that runs at 1 MHz. This is the typical value at VCC = 5V. See "Typical Characteristics" on page 66 for typical values at other VCC levels. By controlling the Watchdog Timer prescaler, the Watchdog Reset interval can be adjusted from 16 to 2048 ms, as shown in Table 15. The WDR (Watchdog Reset) instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. Eight different clock cycle periods can be selected to determine the reset period. If the reset period expires without another Watchdog Reset, the ATtiny15L resets and executes from the reset vector. For timing details on the Watchdog Reset, refer to page 17. To prevent unintentional disabling of the Watchdog, a special turn-off sequence must be followed when the Watchdog is disabled. Refer to the description of the Watchdog Timer Control Register for details. Figure 23. Watchdog Timer Oscillator 1 MHz at Vcc = 5V 350 KHz at Vcc = 3V WATCHDOG RESET WDP0 WDP1 WDP2 WDE WATCHDOG PRESCALER MCU RESET The Watchdog Timer Control Register - WDTCR Bit $21 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 - R 0 4 WDTOE R/W 0 3 WDE R/W 0 2 WDP2 R/W 0 1 WDP1 R/W 0 0 WDP0 R/W 0 WDTCR * Bits 7..5 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and will always read as zero. * Bit 4 - WDTOE: Watchdog Turn-off Enable This bit must be set (one) when the WDE bit is cleared. Otherwise, the Watchdog will not be disabled. Once set, hardware will clear this bit to zero after four clock cycles. Refer to the description of the WDE bit for a Watchdog disable procedure. * Bit 3 - WDE: Watchdog Enable When the WDE is set (one), the Watchdog Timer is enabled and if the WDE is cleared (zero), the Watchdog Timer function is disabled. WDE can be cleared only when the WDTOE bit is set (one). To disable an enabled Watchdog Timer, the following procedure must be followed: 1. In the same operation, write a logical "1" to WDTOE and WDE. A logical "1" must be written to WDE even though it is set to one before the disable operation starts. 2. Within the next four clock cycles, write a logical "0" to WDE. This disables the Watchdog. 34 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L * Bits 2..0 - WDP2, WDP1, WDP0: Watchdog Timer Prescaler Bits 2, 1, and 0 The WDP2, WDP1 and WDP0 bits determine the Watchdog Timer prescaling when the Watchdog Timer is enabled. The different prescaling values and their corresponding time-out periods are shown in Table 15. Table 15. Watchdog Timer Prescale Select WDP2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 WDP1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 WDP0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Time-out Period 16K cycles 32K cycles 64K cycles 128K cycles 256K cycles 512K cycles 1024K cycles 2048K cycles 35 1187D-12/01 EEPROM Read/Write Access The EEPROM access registers are accessible in the I/O space. The write access time is in the range of 4.6 - 8.2 ms, depending on the frequency of the calibrated RC oscillator. See Table 16 for details. A self-timing function however, lets the user software detect when the next byte can be written. If the user code contains code that writes the EEPROM, some precautions must be taken. In heavily filtered power supplies, VCC is likely to rise or fall slowly on Power-up/down. This causes the device for some period of time to run at a voltage lower than specified as minimum for the clock frequency used. CPU operation under these conditions is likely to cause the program counter to perform unintentional jumps and eventually execute the EEPROM write code. To secure EEPROM integrity, the user is advised to use an external under-voltage reset circuit in this case. In order to prevent unintentional EEPROM writes, a two-state write procedure must be followed. Refer to the description of the EEPROM Control Register for details of this. When the EEPROM is read or written, the CPU is halted for two clock cycles before the next instruction is executed. The EEPROM Address Register - EEAR Bit $1E Read/Write Initial vAlue 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 EEAR5 R/W X 4 EEAR4 R/W X 3 EEAR3 R/W X 2 EEAR2 R/W X 1 EEAR1 R/W X 0 EEAR0 R/W X EEAR * Bit 7, 6 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and will always read as zero. * Bit 5..0 - EEAR5..0: EEPROM Address The EEPROM Address Register (EEAR) specifies the EEPROM address in the 64 bytes EEPROM space. The EEPROM data bytes are addresses linearly between 0 and 63. The initial value of EEAR is undefined. A proper value must be written before the EEPROM may be accessed. The EEPROM Data Register - EEDR Bit $1D Read/Write Initial Value 7 MSB R/W 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB EEDR R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 * Bit 7..0 - EEDR7..0: EEPROM Data For the EEPROM write operation, the EEDR register contains the data to be written to the EEPROM in the address given by the EEAR register. For the EEPROM read operation, the EEDR contains the data read out from the EEPROM at the address given by EEAR. The EEPROM Control Register - EECR Bit $1C Read/Write Initial value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 - R 0 4 - R 0 3 EERIE R/W 0 2 EEMWE R/W 0 1 EEWE R/W X 0 EERE R/W 0 EECR * Bit 7..4 - RES: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and will always read as zero. 36 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L * Bit 3 - EERIE: EEPROM Ready Interrupt Enable When the I-bits in SREG and EERIE are set (one), the EEPROM Ready Interrupt is enabled. When cleared (zero), the interrupt is disabled. The EEPROM Ready Interrupt generates a constant interrupt when EEWE is cleared (zero). * Bit 2 - EEMWE: EEPROM Master Write Enable The EEMWE bit determines whether setting EEWE to one causes the EEPROM to be written. When EEMWE is set (one), setting EEWE will write data to the EEPROM at the selected address. If EEMWE is zero, setting EEWE will have no effect. When EEMWE has been set (one) by software, hardware clears the bit to zero after four clock cycles. See the description of the EEWE bit for an EEPROM write procedure. * Bit 1 - EEWE: EEPROM Write Enable The EEPROM Write Enable Signal - EEWE - is the write strobe to the EEPROM. When address and data are correctly set up, the EEWE bit must be set to write the value in to the EEPROM. The EEMWE bit must be set when the logical "1" is written to EEWE, otherwise no EEPROM write takes place. The following procedure should be followed when writing the EEPROM (the order of steps 2 and 3 is not essential): 1. Wait until EEWE becomes zero. 2. Write new EEPROM address to EEAR (optional). 3. Write new EEPROM data to EEDR (optional). 4. Write a logical "1" to the EEMWE bit in EECR. 5. Within four clock cycles after setting EEMWE, write a logical "1" to EEWE. Caution: An interrupt between step 4 and step 5 will make the write cycle fail, since the EEPROM Master Write Enable will time-out. If an interrupt routine accessing the EEPROM is interrupting another EEPROM access, the EEAR or EEDR register will be modified, causing the interrupted EEPROM access to fail. It is recommended to have the global interrupt flag cleared during the four last steps to avoid these problems. When the write access time (typically 5.1 ms if the internal RC oscillator is calibrated to 1.6 MHz) has elapsed, the EEWE bit is cleared (zero) by hardware. The user software can poll this bit and wait for a zero before writing the next byte. When EEWE has been set, the CPU is halted for two cycles before the next instruction is executed. * Bit 0 - EERE: EEPROM Read Enable The EEPROM Read Enable Signal EERE is the read strobe to the EEPROM. When the correct address is set up in the EEAR register, the EERE bit must be set. When the EERE bit is cleared (zero) by hardware, requested data is found in the EEDR register. The EEPROM read access takes one instruction and there is no need to poll the EERE bit. When EERE has been set, the CPU is halted for four cycles before the next instruction is executed. The user should poll the EEWE bit before starting the read operation. If a write operation is in progress when new data or address is written to the EEPROM I/O registers, the write operation will be interrupted and the result is undefined. 37 1187D-12/01 The calibrated oscillator is used to time EEPROM. In Table 16 the typical programming time is listed for EEPROM access from the CPU. Table 16. Typical EEPROM Programming Times Parameter EEPROM write (from CPU) Number of Calibrated RC Oscillator Cycles 8192 Min Programming Time 4.6 ms Max Programming Time 8.2 ms Preventing EEPROM Corruption During periods of low VCC, the EEPROM data can be corrupted because the supply voltage is too low for the CPU and the EEPROM to operate properly. These issues are the same as for board-level systems using the EEPROM and the same design solutions should be applied. An EEPROM data corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too low. First, a regular write sequence to the EEPROM requires a minimum voltage to operate correctly. Second, the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly if the supply voltage for executing instructions is too low. EEPROM data corruption can easily be avoided by following these design recommendations (one is sufficient): 1. Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply voltage. This can be done by enabling the internal Brown-out Detector (BOD) if the operating voltage matches the detection level. If not, an external low VCC Reset Protection circuit can be applied. 2. Keep the AVR core in Power-down sleep mode during periods of low VCC. This will prevent the CPU from attempting to decode and execute instructions, effectively protecting the EEPROM registers from unintentional writes. 3. Store constants in Flash memory if the ability to change memory contents from software is not required. Flash memory cannot be updated by the CPU and will not be subject to corruption. 38 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L The Analog Comparator The Analog Comparator compares the input values on the positive pin PB0 (AIN0) and negative pin PB1 (AIN1). When the voltage on the positive pin PB0 (AIN0) is higher than the voltage on the negative pin PB1 (AIN1), the Analog Comparator Output (ACO) is set (one). The comparator's output can trigger a separate interrupt, exclusive to the Analog Comparator. The user can select interrupt triggering on comparator output rise, fall or toggle. A block diagram of the Comparator and its surrounding logic is shown in Figure 24. Figure 24. Analog Comparator Block Diagram The Analog Comparator Control and Status Register - ACSR Bit $08 Read/Write Initial Value 7 ACD R/W 0 6 ACBG R/W 0 5 ACO R X 4 ACI R/W 0 3 ACIE R/W 0 2 - R 0 1 ACIS1 R/W 0 0 ACIS0 R/W 0 ACSR * Bit 7 - ACD: Analog Comparator Disable When this bit is set (one), the power to the Analog Comparator is switched off. This bit can be set at any time to turn off the Analog Comparator. This will reduce power consumption in Active and Idle mode. When changing the ACD-bit, the Analog Comparator Interrupt must be disabled by clearing the ACIE bit in ACSR. Otherwise an interrupt can occur when the bit is changed. * Bit 6 - ACBG: Analog Comparator Bandgap Select When this bit is set, a fixed bandgap voltage of 1.22 0.05V replaces the normal input to the positive pin (AIN0) of the comparator. When this bit is cleared, the normal input pin PB0 is applied to the positive pin of the comparator. * Bit 5 - ACO: Analog Comparator Output ACO is directly connected to the comparator output. * Bit 4 - ACI: Analog Comparator Interrupt Flag This bit is set (one) when a comparator output event triggers the interrupt mode defined by ACI1 and ACI0. The Analog Comparator Interrupt routine is executed if the ACIE bit is set (one) and the I-bit in SREG is set (one). ACI is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ACI is cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag. 39 1187D-12/01 * Bit 3 - ACIE: Analog Comparator Interrupt Enable When the ACIE bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Analog Comparator Interrupt is activated. When cleared (zero), the interrupt is disabled. * Bit 2 - Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the ATtiny15L and will always read as zero. * Bits 1, 0 - ACIS1, ACIS0: Analog Comparator Interrupt Mode Select These bits determine the comparator events that trigger the Analog Comparator Interrupt. The different settings are shown in Table 17. Table 17. ACIS1/ACIS0 Settings(1) ACIS1 0 0 1 1 Note: ACIS0 0 1 0 1 Interrupt Mode Comparator Interrupt on Output Toggle Reserved Comparator Interrupt on Falling Output Edge Comparator Interrupt on Rising Output Edge 1. When changing the ACIS1/ACIS0 bits, The Analog Comparator Interrupt must be disabled by clearing its Interrupt Enable bit in the ACSR register. Otherwise an interrupt can occur when the bits are changed. 40 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L The Analog-to-Digital Converter, Analog Multiplexer, and Gain Stages Features * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 10-bit Resolution 2 LSB Absolute Accuracy 0.5 LSB Integral Non-linearity Optional Offset Cancellation 65 - 260 s Conversion Time Up to 15 kSPS 4 Multiplexed Single-ended Input Channels 1 Differential Input Channel with Optional Gain of 20x 2.56V Internal Voltage Reference 0 - 2.56V Differential Input Voltage Range 0 - VCC Single-ended Input Voltage Range Optional Left Adjustment for ADC Result Readout Free Running or Single Conversion Mode Interrupt on ADC Conversion Complete Sleep Mode Noise Canceler The ATtiny15L features a 10-bit successive approximation ADC. The ADC is connected to a 4-channel Analog Multiplexer that allows one differential voltage input and four single-ended voltage inputs constructed from the pins of Port B. The differential input (PB3, PB4) is equipped with a programmable gain stage, providing amplification step of 26 dB (20x) on the differential input voltage before the A/D conversion. The single-ended voltage inputs at PB2..PB5 refer to 0V (GND). The ADC contains a Sample and Hold Amplifier that ensures that the input voltage to the ADC is held at a constant level during conversion. A block diagram of the ADC is shown in Figure 25. An internal reference voltage of nominally 2.56V is provided On-chip and this reference can optionally be externally decoupled at the AREF (PB0) pin by a capacitor for better noise performance. Alternatively, VCC can be used as reference voltage for singleended channels. There is also an option to use an external voltage reference and turn off the internal voltage reference. These options are selected using the REFS1..0 bits of the ADMUX control register. 41 1187D-12/01 Figure 25. Analog-to-Digital Converter Block Schematic ADC CONVERSION COMPLETE IRQ 8-BIT DATA BUS ADIF ADIE 9 ADC DATA REGISTER (ADCH/ADCL) ADPS0 0 ADC MULTIPLEXER SELECT (ADMUX) MUX1 REFS1 ADLAR REFS0 MUX2 MUX0 ADC CTRL. & STATUS REGISTER (ADCSR) ADPS2 ADPS1 ADEN ADSC ADFR ADIF PRESCALER MUX DECODER CHANNEL SELECTION GAIN SELECTION VCC AREF INTERNAL 2.56 V REFERENCE CONVERSION LOGIC SAMPLE & HOLD COMPARATOR 10-BIT DAC + ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 + POS. INPUT MUX SINGLE ENDED / DIFFERENTIAL SELECTION GAIN AMPLIFIER NEG. INPUT MUX Operation The ADC converts an analog input voltage to a 10-bit digital value through successive approximation. The minimum value represents GND and the maximum value represents the selected reference voltage minus 1 LSB. The voltage reference for the ADC may be selected by writing to the REFS1..0 bits in ADMUX. VCC, the AREF pin, or an internal 2.56V reference may be selected as the ADC voltage reference. Optionally, the 2.56V internal voltage reference may be decoupled by an external capacitor at the AREF pin to improve noise immunity. The analog input channel and differential gain are selected by writing to the MUX2..0 bits in ADMUX. Any of the four ADC input pins ADC3..0 can be selected as singleended inputs to the ADC. ADC2 and ADC3 can be selected as positive and negative input, respectively, to the differential gain amplifier. If differential channels are selected, the differential gain stage amplifies the voltage difference between the selected input pair by the selected gain factor, 1x or 20x, according to the setting of the MUX2..0 bits in ADMUX. This amplified value then becomes the analog input to the ADC. If single-ended channels are used, the gain amplifier is bypassed altogether. If ADC2 is selected as both the positive and negative input to the differential gain amplifier (ADC2 - ADC2), the remaining offset in the gain stage and conversion circuitry can be measured directly as the result of the conversion. This figure can be subtracted from subsequent conversions with the same gain setting to reduce offset error to below 1 LSB. The ADC can operate in two modes - Single Conversion and Free Running. In Single Conversion mode, each conversion will have to be initiated by the user. In Free Running 42 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ADC[9:0] ATtiny15L mode, the ADC is constantly sampling and updating the ADC Data Register. The ADFR bit in ADCSR selects between the two available modes. The ADC is enabled by setting the ADC Enable bit, ADEN in ADCSR. Voltage reference and input channel selections will not go into effect until ADEN is set. The ADC does not consume power when ADEN is cleared, so it is recommended to switch off the ADC before entering Power-saving sleep modes. A conversion is started by writing a logical "1" to the ADC Start Conversion bit, ADSC. This bit stays high as long as the conversion is in progress and will be set to zero by hardware when the conversion is completed. If a different data channel is selected while a conversion is in progress, the ADC will finish the current conversion before performing the channel change. The ADC generates a 10-bit result, which is presented in the ADC data registers, ADCH and ADCL. By default, the result is presented right-adjusted, but can optionally be presented left-adjusted by setting the ADLAR bit in ADMUX. If the result is left-adjusted and no more than 8-bit precision is required, it is sufficient to read ADCH. Otherwise, ADCL must be read first, then ADCH, to ensure that the content of the data registers belongs to the same conversion. Once ADCL is read, ADC access to data registers is blocked. This means that if ADCL has been read, and a conversion completes before ADCH is read, neither register is updated and the result from the conversion is lost. When ADCH is read, ADC access to the ADCH and ADCL registers is reenabled. The ADC has its own interrupt, which can be triggered when a conversion completes. When ADC access to the data registers is prohibited between reading of ADCH and ADCL, the interrupt will trigger even if the result is lost. Prescaling and Conversion Timing Figure 26. ADC Prescaler ADEN CK Reset 7-BIT ADC PRESCALER ADPS0 ADPS1 ADPS2 ADC CLOCK SOURCE The successive approximation circuitry requires an input clock frequency between 50 kHz and 200 kHz. Using a higher input frequency will affect the conversion accuracy, see "ADC Characteristics" on page 50. The ADC module contains a prescaler, which divides the system clock to an acceptable ADC clock frequency. The ADPSn bits in ADCSR are used to generate a proper ADC clock input frequency from any CK frequency above 100 kHz. The prescaler starts counting from the moment CK/128 CK/16 CK/32 CK/64 CK/2 CK/4 CK/8 43 1187D-12/01 the ADC is switched on by setting the ADEN bit in ADCSR. The prescaler keeps running for as long as the ADEN bit is set, and is continuously reset when ADEN is low. When initiating a conversion by setting the ADSC bit in ADCSR, the conversion starts at the following rising edge of the ADC clock cycle. If differential channels are selected, the conversion will only start at every other rising edge of the ADC clock cycle after ADEN was set. A normal conversion takes 13 ADC clock cycles. In certain situations, the ADC needs more clock cycles to perform initialization and minimize offset errors. These extended conversions take 25 ADC clock cycles and occur as the first conversion after one of the following events: * * * the ADC is switched on (ADEN in ADCSR is set) the voltage reference source is changed (the REFS1..0 bits in ADMUX change value) a differential channel is selected (MUX2 in ADMUX is "1"). Note that subsequent conversions on the same channel are not extended conversions. The actual sample-and-hold takes place 1.5 ADC clock cycles after the start of a normal conversion and 13.5 ADC clock cycles after the start of an extended conversion. When a conversion is complete, the result is written to the ADC data registers, and ADIF is set. In Single Conversion mode, ADSC is cleared simultaneously. The software may then set ADSC again, and a new conversion will be initiated on the first rising ADC clock edge. In Free Running mode, a new conversion will be started immediately after the conversion completes while ADSC remains high. Using Free Running mode and an ADC clock frequency of 200 kHz gives the lowest conversion time, 65 s, equivalent to 15 kSPS. For a summary of conversion times, see Table 18. Figure 27. ADC Timing Diagram, First Conversion (Single Conversion Mode) Extended Conversion Next Conversion Cycle Number 1 2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 2 3 ADC Clock ADEN ADSC ADIF ADCH ADCL Sign and MSB of Result LSB of Result MUX and REFS Update Sample & Hold Conversion Complete MUX and REFS Update 44 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Figure 28. ADC Timing Diagram, Single Conversion Extended Conversion Next Conversion Cycle Number 1 2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 2 3 ADC Clock ADEN ADSC ADIF ADCH ADCL Sign and MSB of Result LSB of Result MUX and REFS Update Sample & Hold Conversion Complete MUX and REFS Update Figure 29. ADC Timing Diagram, Free Running Conversion One Conversion 11 12 13 Next Conversion 1 2 3 4 Cycle Number ADC Clock ADSC ADIF ADCH ADCL Sign and MSB of Result LSB of Result Conversion Complete Sample & Hold MUX and REFS Update Table 18. ADC Conversion Time Condition Extended Conversion Normal Conversions Sample & Hold (Cycles from Start of Conversion) 13.5 1.5 Conversion Time (Cycles) 25.0 13.0 Conversion Time (s) 125 - 500 65 - 260 45 1187D-12/01 ADC Noise Canceler Function The ADC features a noise canceler that enables conversion during ADC Noise Reduction mode (see "Sleep Modes" on page 23) to reduce noise induced from the CPU core and other I/O peripherals. If other I/O peripherals must be active during conversion, this mode works equivalently for Idle mode. To make use of this feature, the following procedure should be used: 1. Make sure that the ADC is enabled and is not busy converting. Single Conversion mode must be selected and the ADC conversion complete interrupt must be enabled. ADEN = 1 ADSC = 0 ADFR = 0 ADIE = 1 2. Enter ADC Noise Reduction mode (or Idle mode). The ADC will start a conversion once the CPU has been halted. 3. If no other interrupts occur before the ADC conversion completes, the ADC interrupt will wake up the MCU and execute the ADC conversion complete interrupt routine. The ADC Multiplexer Selection Register - ADMUX Bit $07 Read/Write Initial Value 7 REFS1 R/W 0 6 REFS0 R/W 0 5 ADLAR R/W 0 4 - R 0 3 - R 0 2 MUX2 R/W 0 1 MUX1 R/W 0 0 MUX0 R/W 0 ADMUX * Bits 7..6 - REFS1..REFS0: Reference Selection Bits These bits select the voltage reference for the ADC, as shown in Table 19. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go into effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set). Whenever these bits are changed, the next conversion will take 25 ADC clock cycles. If active channels are used, using AVCC or an external AREF higher than (AVCC - 1V) is not recommended, as this will affect ADC accuracy. The internal voltage reference options may not be used if an external reference voltage is being applied to the AREF pin. Table 19. Voltage Reference Selections for ADC REFS1 0 0 1 1 REFS0 0 1 0 1 Voltage Reference Selection VCC used as analog reference, disconnected from PB0 (AREF). External Voltage Reference at PB0 (AREF) pin, Internal Voltage Reference turned off. Internal Voltage Reference without external bypass capacitor, disconnected from PB0 (AREF). Internal Voltage Reference with external bypass capacitor at PB0 (AREF) pin. * Bit 5 - ADLAR: ADC Left Adjust Result The ADLAR bit affects the presentation of the ADC conversion result in the ADC Data Register. If ADLAR is cleared, the result is right-adjusted. If ADLAR is set, the result is left-adjusted. Changing the ADLAR bit will affect the ADC Data Register immediately, regardless of any ongoing conversions. For a complete description of this bit, see "The ADC Data Register - ADCL and ADCH" on page 48. 46 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L * Bits 4..3 - Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the ATtiny15L and always read as zero. * Bits 2..0 - MUX2..MUX0: Analog Channel and Gain Selection Bits 2..0 The value of these bits selects which analog input is connected to the ADC. In case of differential input (PB3 - PB4), gain selection is also made with these bits. Selecting PB3 as both inputs to the differential gain stage enables offset measurements. Refer to Table 20 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go into effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set). Table 20. Input Channel and Gain Selections MUX2..0 000 001 010 011 100(1) 101(1) N/A 110 111 Note: ADC2 (PB3) ADC2 (PB3) 1. For offset calibration only. See "Operation" on page 42. ADC3 (PB4) ADC3 (PB4) 1x 20x Single-ended Input ADC0 (PB5) ADC1 (PB2) N/A ADC2 (PB3) ADC3 (PB4) ADC2 (PB3) ADC2 (PB3) ADC2 (PB3) ADC2 (PB3) 1x 20x Positive Differential Input Negative Differential Input Gain The ADC Control and Status Register - ADCSR Bit $06 Read/Write Initial Value 7 ADEN R/W 0 6 ADSC R/W 0 5 ADFR R/W 0 4 ADIF R/W 0 3 ADIE R/W 0 2 ADPS2 R/W 0 1 ADPS1 R/W 0 0 ADPS0 R/W 0 ADCSR * Bit 7 - ADEN: ADC Enable Writing a logical "1" to this bit enables the ADC. By clearing this bit to zero, the ADC is turned off. Turning the ADC off while a conversion is in progress will terminate this conversion. * Bit 6 - ADSC: ADC Start Conversion In Single Conversion mode, a logical "1" must be written to this bit to start each conversion. In Free Running mode, a logical "1" must be written to this bit to start the first conversion. When the conversion completes, ADSC returns to zero in Single Conversion mode and stays high in Free Running mode. Writing a "0" to this bit has no effect. * Bit 5 - ADFR: ADC Free Running Select When this bit is set (one), the ADC operates in Free Running mode. In this mode, the ADC samples and updates the data registers continuously. Clearing this bit (zero) will terminate Free Running mode. If active channels are used (MUX2 in ADMUX set), the channel must be selected before entering Free Running mode. Selecting an active channel after entering Free Running mode may result in undefined operation from the ADC. 47 1187D-12/01 * Bit 4 - ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag This bit is set (one) when an ADC conversion completes and the data registers are updated. The ADC Conversion Complete Interrupt is executed if the ADIE bit and the Ibit in SREG are set (one). ADIF is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ADIF is cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag. Beware that if doing a read-modify-write on ADCSR, a pending interrupt can be disabled. This also applies if the SBI and CBI instructions are used. * Bit 3 - ADIE: ADC Interrupt Enable When this bit is set (one) and the I-bit in SREG is set (one), the ADC Conversion Complete Interrupt is activated. * Bits 2..0 - ADPS2..ADPS0: ADC Prescaler Select Bits These bits determine the division factor between the CK frequency and the input clock to the ADC. See Table 21. Table 21. ADC Prescaler Selections ADPS2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 ADPS1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 ADPS0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Division Factor 2 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 The ADC Data Register - ADCL and ADCH ADLAR = 0 Bit $05 $04 15 - ADC7 7 Read/Write R R Initial Value 0 0 14 - ADC6 6 R R 0 0 13 - ADC5 5 R R 0 0 12 - ADC4 4 R R 0 0 11 - ADC3 3 R R 0 0 10 - ADC2 2 R R 0 0 9 ADC9 ADC1 1 R R 0 0 8 ADC8 ADC0 0 R R 0 0 ADCH ADCL ADLAR = 1 Bit $05 $04 15 ADC9 ADC1 7 Read/Write R R Initial Value 0 0 14 ADC8 ADC0 6 R R 0 0 13 ADC7 - 5 R R 0 0 12 ADC6 - 4 R R 0 0 11 ADC5 - 3 R R 0 0 10 ADC4 - 2 R R 0 0 9 ADC3 - 1 R R 0 0 8 ADC2 - 0 R R 0 0 ADCH ADCL 48 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L When an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers. When ADCL is read, the ADC Data Register is not updated until ADCH is read. If the result is left adjusted and no more than 8-bit precision is required, it is sufficient to read ADCH. Otherwise, ADCL must be read first, then ADCH. The ADLAR bit in ADMUX affects the way the result is read from the registers. If ADLAR is set, the result is left-adjusted. If ADLAR is cleared (default), the result is right-adjusted. * ADC9..0: ADC Conversion Result These bits represent the result from the conversion. For the differential channel, this is the value after gain adjustment, as indicated in Table 20 on page 47. For single-ended conversion, or if ADLAR or SIGN is zero, $000 represents ground and $3FF represents the selected reference voltage minus one LSB. Scanning Multiple Channels Since change of analog channel always is delayed until a conversion is finished, the Free Running mode can be used to scan multiple channels without interrupting the converter. Typically, the ADC Conversion Complete Interrupt will be used to perform the channel shift. However, the user should take the following fact into consideration: The interrupt triggers once the result is ready to be read. In Free Running mode, the next conversion will start immediately when the interrupt triggers. If ADMUX is changed after the interrupt triggers, the next conversion has already started, and the old setting is used. ADC Noise-canceling Techniques Digital circuitry inside and outside the ATtiny15L generates EMI, which might affect the accuracy of analog measurements. If conversion accuracy is critical, the noise level can be reduced by applying the following techniques: 1. The analog part of the ATtiny15L and all analog components in the application should have a separate analog ground plane on the PCB. This ground plane is connected to the digital ground plane via a single point on the PCB. 2. Keep analog signal paths as short as possible. Make sure analog tracks run over the analog ground plane, and keep them well away from high-speed switching digital tracks. 3. Use the ADC noise canceler function to reduce induced noise from the CPU. 4. If some Port B pins are used as digital outputs, it is essential that these do not switch while a conversion is in progress. 49 1187D-12/01 ADC Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Single-ended Conversion Resolution Differential Conversion Gain = 1x or 20x Single-ended Conversion VREF = 4V ADC Clock = 200 kHz Single-ended Conversion VREF = 4V ADC Clock = 1 MHz Single-ended Conversion VREF = 4V ADC Clock = 2 MHz Integral Non-linearity Differential Non-linearity Zero Error (Offset) Conversion Time Clock Frequency Single-ended Conversion VREF VINT RREF RAIN Note: Reference Voltage Differential Conversion Internal Voltage Reference Reference Input Resistance Analog Input Resistance 2.0 2.4 6.0 2.56 10.0 100.0 VREF > 2V VREF > 2V VREF > 2V Free Running Conversion 65.0 50.0 2.0 Min(1) Typ(1) 10.0 8.0 Max(1) Units Bits Bits Absolute Accuracy 1.0 2.0 LSB 4.0 LSB 16.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 260.0 200.0 VCC VCC - 0.2 2.7 13.0 LSB LSB LSB LSB s kHz V V V k M 1. Values are guidelines only. Actual values are TBD. 50 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L I/O Port B All AVR ports have true read-modify-write functionality when used as general digital I/O ports. This means that the direction of one port pin can be changed without unintentionally changing the direction of any other pin with the SBI and CBI instructions. The same applies for changing drive value (if configured as output) or enabling/disabling of pull-up resistors (if configured as input). Port B is a 6-bit bi-directional I/O port. Three data memory address locations are allocated for Port B, one each for the Data Register - PORTB, $18, Data Direction Register - DDRB, $17, and the Port B Input Pins - PINB, $16. The Port B Input Pins address is read-only, while the Data Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write. Ports PB5..0 have special functions as described in the section "Pin Descriptions" on page 4. If PB5 is not configured as external reset, it is input with no pull-up or as an open-drain output. All I/O pins have individually selectable pull-ups, which can be overridden with pull-up disable. The Port B output buffers on PB0 to PB4 can sink 20 mA and thus drive LED displays directly. PB5 can sink 12 mA. When pins PB0 to PB4 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current (IIL) if the internal pull-ups are activated. Alternative Functions of Port B In ATtiny15L four Port B pins - PB2, PB3, PB4, and PB5 - have alternative functions as inputs for the ADC. If some Port B pins are configured as outputs, it is essential that these do not switch when a conversion is in progress. This might corrupt the result of the conversion. During Power-down mode and ADC Noise Reduction mode, the Schmitt triggers of the digital inputs are disconnected on these pins. This allows an analog input voltage close to VCC/2 to be present during Power-down without causing excessive power consumption. The Port B pins with alternate functions are shown in Table 1 on page 4. When the pins PB4..0 are used for the alternate function, the DDRB and PORTB registers have to be set according to the alternate function description. When PB5 is used as external reset pin, the values in the corresponding DDRB and PORTB bit are ignored. The Port B Data Register - PORTB Bit $18 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 PORTB4 3 PORTB3 2 PORTB2 1 PORTB1 0 PORTB0 PORTB R 0 R 0 R 0 R/W 0 R/WS 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 R/W 0 The Port B Data Direction Register - DDRB Bit $17 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 DDB5 R/W 0 4 DDB4 R/W 0 3 DDB3 R/W 0 2 DDB2 R/W 0 1 DDB1 R/W 0 0 DDB0 R/W 0 DDRB The Port B Input Pins Address - PINB Bit $16 Read/Write Initial Value 7 - R 0 6 - R 0 5 PINB5 R N/A 4 PINB4 R N/A 3 PINB3 R N/A 2 PINB2 R N/A 1 PINB1 R N/A 0 PINB0 R N/A PINB The Port B Input Pins address (PINB) is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port B pin. When reading PORTB, the PORTB Data Latch is read, and when reading PINB, the logical values present on the pins are read. 51 1187D-12/01 PORT B as General Digital I/O The lower five pins in Port B are equal when used as digital I/O pins. PBn, general I/O pin: The DDBn bit in the DDRB register selects the direction of this pin. If DDBn is set (one), PBn is configured as an output pin. If DDBn is cleared (zero), PBn is configured as an input pin. If PORTBn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the PORTBn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. Pullups for all ports can be disabled also by setting PUD-bit in the MCUCR register. Table 22. DDBn Effects on Port B Pins(1) DDBn 0 0 0 1 1 Note: PORTBn 0 1 1 0 1 I/O Input Input Input Output Output Pull-up No No Yes No No Comment Tri-state (High-Z) PUD bit in the MCUCR register is set. PBn will source current if ext. pulled low. PUD bit in the MCUCR register is cleared. Push-pull Zero Output Push-pull One Output 1. n: 4,3...0, pin number. On ATtiny15L, PB5 is input or open-drain output. Because this pin is used for 12V programming, there is no ESD protection diode limiting the voltage on the pin to VCC + 0.5V. Thus, special care should be taken to ensure that the voltage on this pin does not rise above VCC + 1V during normal operation. This may cause the MCU to reset or enter programming mode unintentionally. All Port B pins are connected to a pin change detector that can trigger the pin change interrupt. See "Pin Change Interrupt" on page 21 for details. Alternate Functions of Port B The alternate pin functions of Port B are: * RESET - PORT B, Bit 5 When the RSTDISBL fuse is unprogrammed, this pin serves as External Reset. When the RSTDISBL fuse is programmed, this pin is a general input pin or a open-drain output pin. If DDB5 is cleared (zero), PB5 is configured as an input pin. If DDB5 is set (one), the pin is a open-drain output. * SCK/INT0/T0 - PORT B, Bit 2 In Serial Programming mode, this pin serves as the serial clock input, SCK. In normal mode, this pin can serve as the external interrupt0 input. See the interrupt description for details on how to enable this interrupt. Note that activity on this pin will trigger the interrupt even if the pin is configured as an output. In normal mode, this pin can serve as the external counter clock input. See the Timer/Counter0 description for further details. If external Timer/Counter clocking is selected, activity on this pin will clock the counter even if it is configured as an output. * MISO/OC1A/AIN1 - PORT B, Bit 1 In Serial Programming mode, this pin serves as the serial data output, MISO. In normal mode, this pin can serve as Timer/Counter1 output compare match output (OC1A). See the Timer/Counter1 description for further details, and how to enable the output. The OC1A pin is also the output pin for PWM mode timer function. This pin also serves as the negative input of the On-chip Analog Comparator. 52 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L * MOSI/AIN0/AREF - PORT B, Bit 0 In Serial Programming mode, this pin serves as the serial data input, MOSI. In normal mode, this pin also serves as the positive input of the On-chip Analog Comparator. In ATtiny15L, this pin can be chosen to be the reference voltage for the ADC. Refer to the section "The Analog-to-Digital Converter, Analog Multiplexer, and Gain Stages" for details. 53 1187D-12/01 Memory Programming Program and Data Memory Lock Bits The ATtiny15L MCU provides two Lock bits that can be left unprogrammed, "1", or can be programmed, "0", to obtain the additional features listed in Table 23. The Lock bits can only be erased with the Chip Erase command. Table 23. Lock Bit Protection Modes Memory Lock Bits Mode 1 2 3 LB1 1 0 0 LB2 1 1 0 Protection Type No memory lock features enabled. Further programming of the Flash and EEPROM is disabled. Same as mode 2, but verify is also disabled. Fuse Bits The ATtiny15L has six Fuse bits (BODLEVEL, BODEN, SPIEN, RSTDSBL, and CKSEL1..0). All the Fuse bits are programmable in both High-voltage and Low-voltage Serial Programming modes. Changing the Fuses does not have effect while in programming mode. * The BODLEVEL Fuse selects the Brown-out Detection level and changes the startup times. See "Brown-out Detection" on page 16. See Table 5 on page 14. Default value is programmed "0". When the BODEN Fuse is programed "0", the Brown-out Detector is enabled. See "Brown-out Detection" on page 16. Default value is unprogrammed "1". When the SPIEN Fuse bit is programmed "0", Low-voltage Serial Program and Data Downloading is enabled. Default value is programmed "0". Unprogramming this fuse while in the Low-voltage Serial Programming mode will disable future In-System downloading attempts. When the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed "0", the External Reset function of pin PB5 is disabled(1). Default value is unprogrammed "1". Programming this fuse while in the Low-voltage Serial Programming mode will disable future In-System downloading attempts. CKSEL1..0 Fuses: See Table 5 on page 14 for which combination of CKSEL1..0 to use. Default value is "00", 64 ms + 18 CK. 1. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, then the programming hardware should apply +12V to PB5 while the ATtiny15L is in Power-on Reset. If not, the part can fail to enter programming mode caused by drive contention on PB0 and/or PB5. * * * * The status of the Fuse bits is not affected by Chip Erase. Note: Signature Bytes All Atmel microcontrollers have a three-byte signature code that identifies the device. The three bytes reside in a separate address space, and for the ATtiny15L they are: 1. $000 : $1E (indicates manufactured by Atmel) 2. $001 : $90 (indicates 1 Kb Flash memory) 3. $002 : $06 (indicates ATtiny15L device when $001 is $90) 54 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Calibration Byte The ATtiny15L has a one-byte calibration value for the internal RC Oscillator. This byte resides in the high byte of address $000 in the signature address space. To make use of this byte, it should be read from this location and written into the normal Flash Program memory. At start-up, the user software must read this Flash location and write the value to the OSCCAL register. Atmel's ATtiny15L offers 1K byte of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Program memory and 64 bytes of in-System Reprogrammable EEPROM Data memory. The ATtiny15L is shipped with the On-chip Flash program and EEPROM data memory arrays in the erased state (i.e., contents = $FF) and ready to be programmed. This device supports a High-voltage (12V) Serial Programming mode and a Low-voltage Serial Programming mode. The +12V is used for programming enable only, and no current of significance is drawn by this pin (less than 100 A). The Low-voltage Serial Programming mode provides a convenient way to download program and data into the ATtiny15L inside the user's system. The program and data memory arrays in the ATtiny15L are programmed byte-by-byte in either programming mode. For the EEPROM, an auto-erase cycle is provided within the self-timed write instruction in the Low-voltage Serial Programming mode. During programming, the supply voltage must be in accordance with Table 24. Table 24. Supply Voltage during Programming Part ATtiny15L Low-voltage Serial Programming 2.7 - 5.5V High-voltage Serial Programming 4.5 - 5.5V Programming the Flash High-voltage Serial Programming This section describes how to program and verify Flash program memory, EEPROM data memory, Lock bits and Fuse bits in the ATtiny15L. Figure 30. High-voltage Serial Programming 11.5 - 12.5V 4.5 - 5.5V ATtiny15/L PB5 (RESET) VCC PB2 PB1 SERIAL CLOCK INPUT PB3 PB0 GND SERIAL DATA OUTPUT SERIAL INSTR. INPUT SERIAL DATA INPUT 55 1187D-12/01 High-voltage Serial Programming Algorithm To program and verify the ATtiny15L in the High-voltage Serial Programming mode, the following sequence is recommended (See instruction formats in Table 25): 1. Power-up sequence: Apply 4.5 - 5.5V between VCC and GND. Set PB5 and PB0 to "0" and wait at least 30 s. Set PB3 to "0". Wait at least 100 ns. Apply 12V to PB5 and wait at least 100 ns before changing PB0. Wait 8 s before giving any instructions. 2. The Flash array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying first the address, then the low and high data byte. The write instruction is self-timed; wait until the PB2 (RDY/BSY) pin goes high. 3. The EEPROM array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying first the address, then the data byte. The write instruction is self-timed; wait until the PB2 (RDY/BSY) pin goes high. 4. Any memory location can be verified by using the Read instruction, which returns the contents at the selected address at serial output PB2. 5. Power-off sequence: Set PB3 to "0". Set PB5 to "0". Turn VCC power off. When writing or reading serial data to the ATtiny15L, data is clocked on the 8th rising edge of the 16 external clock pulses needed to generate the internal clock. See Figure 31, Figure 32, and Table 26 for an explanation. Figure 31. High-voltage Serial Programming Waveforms SERIAL DATA INPUT PB0 MSB LSB SERIAL INSTR. INPUT PB1 MSB LSB SERIAL DATA OUTPUT PB2 MSB LSB INTERNAL CK 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SERIAL CLOCK INPUT PB3 16x 56 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Table 25. High-voltage Serial Programming Instruction Set for ATtiny15L(1) Instruction Format Instruction PB0 Chip Erase PB1 PB2 Write Flash High and Low Address PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 Instr.1 0_1000_0000_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0001_0000_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_ i i i i_i i i i _00 0_0010_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_ i i i i_i i i i _00 0_0011_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0010_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1000_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0111_1000_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0001_0001_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_ i i i i_i i i i _00 0_0010_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0011_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1000_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0100_0000_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0010_0000_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0100_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Instr.2 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_0100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_000a_00 0_0001_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_0100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0111_0100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_000a_00 0_0001_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 o_oooo_ooox_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 o_oooo_ooox_xx 0_00bb_bbbb_00 0_0000_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_0100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_00bb_bbbb_00 0_0000_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 o_oooo_ooox_xx 0_8765_1143_00 0_0010_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0210_00 0_0010_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1000_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Instr.3 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_bbbb_bbbb_00 0_0000_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 0_0000_0000_00 0_0000_0000_00 0_0111_1100_00 0_0000_0000_00 0_bbbb_bbbb_00 0_0000_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Instr.4 0_0000_0000_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Operation Remarks Wait after Instr.3 until PB2 goes high for the Chip Erase cycle to finish. Repeat Instr.2 for a new 256 byte page. Repeat Instr.3 for each new address. Wait after Instr.3 until PB2 goes high. Repeat Instr.1, Instr. 2 and Instr.3 for each new address. Wait after Instr.3 until PB2 goes high. Repeat Instr.1, Instr. 2 and Instr.3 for each new address. Repeat Instr.2 and Instr.3 for each new address. Write Flash Low Byte Write Flash High Byte Read Flash High and Low Address Read Flash Low Byte Repeat Instr.1 and Instr.2 for each new address. Read Flash High Byte Write EEPROM Low Address Write EEPROM Byte Read EEPROM Low Address Read EEPROM Byte Write Fuse Bits Repeat Instr.1 and Instr.2 for each new address. Repeat Instr.2 for each new address. 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 0_0000_0000_00 Wait after Instr.3 until PB2 goes high Repeat Instr.2 for each new address. Repeat Instr.2 for each new address 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_0100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_0100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 8_765x_x43x_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 0_0000_0000_00 Wait after Instr.4 until PB2 goes high. Write 8 - 3 = "0" to program the Fuse bit. Wait after Instr.4 until PB2 goes high. Write 2, 1 = "0" to program the Lock bit. Reading 8 - 3 = "0" means the Fuse bit is programmed. Write Lock Bits Read Fuse Bits PB0 PB1 PB2 57 1187D-12/01 Table 25. High-voltage Serial Programming Instruction Set for ATtiny15L(1) (Continued) Instruction Format Instruction Read Lock Bits Instr.1 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB0 PB1 PB2 0_0000_0100_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_1000_00 0_0100_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Instr.2 0_0000_0000_00 0_0111_1000_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx 0_0000_00bb_00 0_0000_1100_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Instr.3 0_0000_0000_00 0_0111_1100_00 x_xxxx_21xx_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1000_00 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx Instr.4 Operation Remarks Reading 2, 1 = "0" means the Lock bit is programmed Read Signature Bytes Read Calibration Byte 0_0000_0000_00 0_0110_1100_00 o_oooo_ooox_xx 0_0000_0000_00 0_0111_1100_00 o_oooo_ooox_xx Repeat Instr.2 - Instr.4 for each signature byte address Note: PB0 0_0000_0000_00 0_0000_0000_00 0_0000_1000_00 0_0111_1000_00 0_0000_1100_00 0_0100_1100_00 PB1 x_xxxx_xxxx_xx x_xxxx_xxxx_xx x_xxxx_xxxx_xx PB2 1. a = address high bits b = address low bits i = data in o = data out x = don't care 1 = Lock Bit1 2 = Lock Bit2 3 = CKSEL0 Fuse 4 = CKSEL1 Fuse 5 = RSTDSBL Fuse 6 = SPIEN Fuse 7 = BODEN Fuse 8 = BODLEVEL Fuse The Lock bits can only be cleared by executing a Chip Erase. 58 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L High-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics Figure 32. High-voltage Serial Programming Timing SDI (PB0), SII (PB1) VALID tIVSH SCI (PB3) 1 2 7 8 9 tSHIX t SHSL 10 15 tSLSH 16 SDO (PB2) tSHOV Internal CK Table 26. High-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics, TA = 25C 10%, VCC = 5.0V 10% (unless otherwise noted) Symbol tSHSL tSLSH tIVSH tSHIX tSHOV Parameter SCI (PB3) Pulse Width High SCI (PB3) Pulse Width Low SDI (PB0), SII (PB1) Valid to SCI (PB3) High (8th edge) SDI (PB0), SII (PB1) Hold after SCI (PB3) High (8th edge) SCI (PB3) High (9th edge) to SDO (PB2) Valid Min 25.0 25.0 50.0 50.0 10.0 16.0 32.0 Typ Max Units ns ns ns ns ns Low-voltage Serial Downloading Both the program and data memory arrays can be programmed using the SPI bus while RESET is pulled to GND. The serial interface consists of pins SCK, MOSI (input) and MISO (output). See Figure 33. After RESET is set low, the Programming Enable instruction needs to be executed first before program/erase instructions can be executed. Figure 33. Serial Programming and Verify 2.7 - 5.5V ATtiny15/L GND PB5 (RESET) VCC PB2 PB1 GND PB0 SCK MISO MOSI 59 1187D-12/01 For the EEPROM, an auto-erase cycle is provided within the self-timed write instruction and there is no need to first execute the Chip Erase instruction. The Chip Erase instruction turns the content of every memory location in both the program and EEPROM arrays into $FF. The program and EEPROM memory arrays have separate address spaces: $0000 to $01FF for program memory and $000 to $03F for EEPROM memory. The device is clocked from the internal clock at the uncalibrated minimum frequency (0.8 - 1.6 MHz). The minimum low and high periods for the serial clock (SCK) input are defined as follows: Low: > 2 MCU clock cycles High: > 2 MCU clock cycles Low-voltage Serial Programming Algorithm When writing serial data to the ATtiny15L, data is clocked on the rising edge of SCK. When reading data from the ATtiny15L, data is clocked on the falling edge of SCK. See Figure 34, Figure 35, and Table 28 for timing details. To program and verify the ATtiny15L in the Serial Programming mode, the following sequence is recommended (See 4-byte instruction formats in Table 27): 1. Power-up sequence: Apply power between VCC and GND while RESET and SCK are set to "0". If the programmer cannot guarantee that SCK is held low during Power-up, RESET must be given a positive pulse of at least two MCU cycles duration after SCK has been set to "0". 2. Wait for at least 20 ms and enable serial programming by sending the Programming Enable serial instruction to the MOSI (PB0) pin. Refer to the above section for minimum low and high periods for the serial clock input SCK. 3. The serial programming instructions will not work if the communication is out of synchronization. When in sync, the second byte ($53) will echo back when issuing the third byte of the Programming Enable instruction. Whether the echo is correct or not, all four bytes of the instruction must be transmitted. If the $53 did not echo back, give SCK a positive pulse and issue a new Programming Enable instruction. If the $53 is not seen within 32 attempts, there is no functional device connected. 4. If a Chip Erase is performed (must be done to erase the Flash), wait tWD_ERASE after the instruction, give RESET a positive pulse, and start over from step 2. See Table 29 on page 63 for tWD_ERASE value. 5. The Flash or EEPROM array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying the address and data together with the appropriate write instruction. An EEPROM memory location is first automatically erased before new data is written. Use data polling to detect when the next byte in the Flash or EEPROM can be written. If polling is not used, wait tWD_PROG_FL or tWD_PROG_EE, respectively, before transmitting the next instruction. See Table 30 on page 63 for the tWD_PROG_FL and tWD_PROG_EE values. In an erased device, no $FFs in the data file(s) need to be programmed. 6. Any memory location can be verified by using the Read instruction, which returns the content at the selected address at the serial output MISO (PB1) pin. 7. At the end of the programming session, RESET can be set high to commence normal operation. 8. Power-off sequence (if needed): Set RESET to "1". Turn VCC power off. 60 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Data Polling When a byte is being programmed into the Flash or EEPROM, reading the address location being programmed will give the value $FF. At the time the device is ready for a new byte, the programmed value will read correctly. This is used to determine when the next byte can be written. This will not work for the value $FF so when programming this value, the user will have to wait for at least tWD_PROG_FL before programming the next Flash byte, or tWD_PROG_EE before the next EEPROM byte. As a chip-erased device contains $FF in all locations, programming of addresses that are meant to contain $FF can be skipped. This does not apply if the EEPROM is reprogrammed without chip-erasing the device. In that case, data polling cannot be used for the value $FF and the user will have to wait at least tWD_PROG_EE before programming the next byte. See Table 30 for tWD_PROG_FL and tWD_PROG_EE values. Figure 34. Low-voltage Serial Programming Waveforms SERIAL DATA INPUT PB0(MOSI) SERIAL DATA OUTPUT PB1(MISO) SERIAL CLOCK INPUT PB2(SCK) MSB LSB MSB LSB 61 1187D-12/01 Table 27. Low-voltage Serial Programming Instruction Set(1) Instruction Format Instruction Programming Enable Chip Erase Read Program Memory Byte 1 1010 1100 1010 1100 0010 H000 Byte 2 0101 0011 100x xxxx xxxx xxxa Byte 3 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx bbbb bbbb Byte4 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx oooo oooo Operation Enable Serial Programming while RESET is low. Chip Erase Flash and EEPROM memory arrays. Read H (high or low) data o from program memory at word address a:b. Write H (high or low) data i to Program memory at word address a:b. Read data o from EEPROM memory at address b. Write data i to EEPROM memory at address b. Write Lock bits. Set bits 1,2 = "0" to program Lock bits. Read Lock bits. "0" = programmed, "1" = unprogrammed. Read signature byte o at address b. Set bits 8 - 3 = "0" to program, "1" to unprogram. Read Fuse bits. "0" = programmed, "1" = unprogrammed. Write Program Memory 0100 H000 xxxx xxxa bbbb bbbb iiii iiii Read EEPROM Memory Write EEPROM Memory Write Lock Bits Read Lock Bits Read Signature Bytes Write Fuse Bits Read Fuse Bits 1010 0000 1100 0000 1010 1100 0101 1000 0011 0000 1010 1100 0101 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 1111 1211 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 101x xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxbb bbbb xxbb bbbb xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 00bb xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 oooo oooo iiii iiii xxxx xxxx xxxx x21x oooo oooo 8765 1143 8765 xx43 oooo oooo Read Calibration Byte 0011 1000 Note: 1. a = address high bits b = address low bits H = 0 - low byte, 1 - high byte o = data out i = data in x = don't care 1 = Lock bit 1 2 = Lock bit 2 3 = CKSEL0 Fuse 4 = CKSEL1 Fuse 5 = RSTDISBL Fuse 6 = SPIEN Fuse 7 = BODEN Fuse 8 = BODLEVEL Fuse 62 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Low-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics Figure 35. Low-voltage Serial Programming Timing MOSI tOVSH SCK MISO tSLIV Table 28. Low-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics, TA = -40C to 85C, VCC = 2.7 - 5.5V (Unless Otherwise Noted) Symbol 1/tCLCL tCLCL tSHSL tSLSH tOVSH tSHOX tSLIV Parameter RC Oscillator Frequency (VCC = 2.7 - 5.5V) RC Oscillator Period (VCC = 2.7 - 5.5V) SCK Pulse Width High SCK Pulse Width Low MOSI Setup to SCK High MOSI Hold after SCK High SCK Low to MISO Valid 2.0 tCLCL 2.0 tCLCL tCLCL 2.0 tCLCL 10.0 16.0 32.0 Min 0.8 Typ 1.6 625.0 1250.0 Max Units MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns tSHOX tSHSL tSLSH Table 29. Minimum Wait Delay after the Chip Erase Instruction Symbol tWD_ERASE Minimum Wait Delay 8.2 ms Table 30. Minimum Wait Delay after Writing a Flash or EEPROM Location Symbol tWD_FLASH tWD_EEPROM Minimum Wait Delay 4.1 ms 8.2 ms 63 1187D-12/01 Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Operating Temperature.................................. -55C to +125C Storage Temperature ..................................... -65C to +150C Voltage on Any Pin Except RESET with Respect to Ground ............................. -1.0V to VCC + 0.5V Voltage on RESET with Respect to Ground ....-1.0V to +13.0V Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 6.0V DC Current per I/O Pin ............................................... 40.0 mA DC Current VCC and GND Pins................................ 100.0 mA *NOTICE: Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC Characteristics TA = -40C to 85C, VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V Symbol VIL VIL1 VIH VIH1 VIH2 VOL VOL VOH IIL IIH RI/O Parameter Input Low Voltage Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage Input High Voltage Input High Voltage Output Low Voltage Port B Output Low Voltage PB5 Output High Voltage(4) Port B Input Leakage Current I/O Pin Input Leakage Current I/O Pin I/O Pin Pull-up Active, VCC = 3V Idle, VCC = 3V ICC Power Supply Current Power-down , VCC = 3V WDT enabled Power-down(2), VCC = 3V WDT disabled (2) (1) Condition Except (XTAL) XTAL Except (XTAL, RESET) XTAL RESET IOL = 20 mA, VCC = 5V IOL = 10 mA, VCC = 3V IOL = 12 mA, VCC = 5V IOL = 6 mA, VCC = 3V IOH = -3 mA, VCC = 5V IOH = -1.5 mA, VCC = 3V VCC = 5.5V, Pin Low (absolute value) VCC = 5.5V, Pin High (absolute value) Min -0.5 -0.5 0.6 VCC(2) 0.7 VCC(2) 0.85 VCC (2) Typ Max 0.3 VCC 0.1 VCC (1) (1) Units V V V V V V V V V V V VCC + 0.5 VCC + 0.5 VCC + 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.3 2.3 8.0 8.0 35.0 122 3.0 1.0 9.0 <1.0 1.2 15.0 2.0 A A k mA mA A A 64 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L DC Characteristics (Continued) TA = -40C to 85C, VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V Symbol VACIO IACLK TACID Note: Parameter Analog Comparator Input Offset Voltage Analog Comparator Input Leakage Current Analog Comparator Initialization Delay Condition VCC = 5V VIN = VCC/2 VCC = 5V VIN = VCC/2 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 4.0V -50.0 750.0 500.0 Min Typ Max 40.0 50.0 Units mV nA ns 1. "Max" means the highest value where the pin is guaranteed to be read as low. 2. "Min" means the lowest value where the pin is guaranteed to be read as high. 3. Although each I/O port can sink more than the test conditions (20 mA at VCC = 5V, 10 mA at VCC = 3V) under steady state conditions (non-transient), the following must be observed: 1] The sum of all IOL, for all ports, should not exceed 100 mA. If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed test conditions. 4. Although each I/O port can source more than the test conditions (3 mA at VCC = 5V, 1.5 mA at VCC = 3V) under steady state conditions (non-transient), the following must be observed: 1] The sum of all IOH, for all ports, should not exceed 100 mA. If IOH exceeds the test condition, VOH may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to source current greater than the listed test condition. 5. Minimum VCC for Power-down is 1.5V (only with BOD disabled). 65 1187D-12/01 Typical Characteristics The following charts show typical behavior. These data are characterized but not tested. All current consumption measurements are performed with all I/O pins configured as inputs and with internal pull-ups enabled. The current consumption is a function of several factors such as: Operating voltage, operating frequency, loading of I/O pins, switching rate of I/O pins, code executed and ambient temperature. The dominating factors are operating voltage and frequency. The current drawn from capacitive loaded pins may be estimated (for one pin) as CL*VCC*f where CL = load capacitance, VCC = operating voltage and f = average switching frequency of I/O pin. The difference between current consumption in Power-down mode with Watchdog Timer enabled and Power-down mode with Watchdog Timer disabled represents the differential current drawn by the Watchdog Timer. Figure 36. Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator Frequency vs. VCC Frequency Relative to Nominal Frequency at 25C and VCC = 5.0V Relative Calibrated RC Oscillator Frequency vs. Operating Voltage 1.02 TA = 25C 25C 1.00 TA = 85C TA = 45C TA = 70C 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Operating Voltage (V) 5 5.5 6 Note: The nominal calibrated RC oscillator frequency is 1.6 MHz. 66 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Figure 37. Analog Comparator Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage ANALOG COMPARATOR OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON MODE VOLTAGE Vcc = 5V 18 16 14 Offset Voltage (mV) TA = 25C 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 TA = 85C 4.5 5 Common Mode Voltage (V) Note: 1. Analog Comparator offset voltage is measured as absolute offset. Figure 38. Analog Comparator Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage ANALOG COMPARATOR OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. Vcc = 2.7V COMMON MODE VOLTAGE 10 TA = 25C 8 Offset Voltage (mV) 6 TA = 85C 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 Common Mode Voltage (V) 2 2.5 3 67 1187D-12/01 Figure 39. Analog Comparator Input Leakage Current ANALOG COMPARATOR INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT VCC = 6V TA = 25C 60 50 40 (nA) I ACLK 30 20 10 0 -10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 VIN (V) 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Figure 40. Watchdog Oscillator Frequency vs. VCC WATCHDOG OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. Vcc 1600 1400 1200 TA = 85C F RC (KHz) TA = 25C 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Vcc (V) 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 Note: 1. Sink and source capabilities of I/O ports are measured on one pin at a time. 68 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Figure 41. Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE Vcc = 5V 120 TA = 25C 100 TA = 85C 80 OP (A) I 60 40 20 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 VOP (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Figure 42. Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE Vcc = 2.7V 30 TA = 25C 25 TA = 85C 20 OP (A) 15 I 10 5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 VOP (V) 2 2.5 3 69 1187D-12/01 Figure 43. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE Vcc = 5V 70 TA = 25C 60 TA = 85C 50 40 OL (mA) 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 VOL (V) 2 2.5 3 Figure 44. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE Vcc = 5V 20 18 16 14 12 OH (mA) I TA = 25C TA = 85C 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 VOH (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 70 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 I ATtiny15L Figure 45. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE Vcc = 2.7V 25 TA = 25C 20 TA = 85C 15 OL (mA) 10 I 5 0 0 0.5 1 VOL (V) 1.5 2 Figure 46. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE Vcc = 2.7V 6 TA = 25C 5 TA = 85C 4 OH (mA) 3 I 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 VOH (V) 2 2.5 3 71 1187D-12/01 Figure 47. I/O Pin Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC I/O PIN INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. Vcc TA = 25C 2.5 2 Threshold Voltage (V) 1.5 1 0.5 0 2.7 4.0 Vcc 5.0 Figure 48. I/O Pin Input Hysteresis vs. VCC I/O PIN INPUT HYSTERESIS vs. Vcc TA = 25C 0.18 0.16 0.14 Input hysteresis (V) 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 2.7 4.0 Vcc 5.0 72 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L ATtiny15L Register Summary Address $3F $3E $3C $3B $3A $39 $38 $37 $36 $35 $34 $33 $32 $31 $30 $2F $2E $2D $2C $2B $2A $29 $28 $27 $26 $25 $24 $23 $22 $21 $20 $1F $1E $1D $1C $1B $1A $19 $18 $17 $16 $15 $14 $13 $12 $11 $10 $0F $0E $0D $0C $0B $0A $09 $08 $07 $06 $05 $04 ... $00 Name SREG Reserved Reserved GIMSK GIFR TIMSK TIFR Reserved Reserved MCUCR MCUSR TCCR0 TCNT0 OSCCAL TCCR1 TCNT1 OCR1A OCR1B SFIOR Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved WDTCR Reserved Reserved EEAR EEDR EECR Reserved Reserved Reserved PORTB DDRB PINB Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved ACSR ADMUX ADCSR ADCH ADCL Reserved Reserved Bit 7 I Bit 6 T Bit 5 H Bit 4 S Bit 3 V Bit 2 N Bit 1 Z Bit 0 C Page page 11 - INT0 INTF0 OCIE1A OCF1A PCIE PCIF - - - TOIE1 TOV1 TOIE0 TOV0 - page 19 page 19 page 20 page 21 - PUD - SE - SM1 - SM0 WDRF - BORF CS02 ISC01 EXTRF CS01 ISC00 PORF CS00 page 22 page 17 page 27 page 28 page 24 Timer/Counter0 (8-Bit) Oscillator Calibration Register CTC1 PWM1 COM1A1 COM1A0 CS13 CS12 CS11 CS10 Timer/Counter1 (8-Bit) Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register A (8-Bit) Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register B (8-Bit) FOC1A PSR1 PSR0 page 30 page 31 page 31 page 33 page 26 - - - WDTOE WDE WDP2 WDP1 WDP0 page 34 - - EEAR5 - EEAR4 - EEAR3 EERIE EEAR2 EEMWE EEAR1 EEWE EEAR0 EERE page 36 page 36 page 36 EEPROM Data Register (8-Bit) - - DDB5 PINB5 PORTB4 DDB4 PINB4 PORTB3 DDB3 PINB3 PORTB2 DDB2 PINB2 PORTB1 DDB1 PINB1 PORTB0 DDB0 PINB0 page 51 page 51 page 51 ACD REFS1 ADEN ACBG REFS0 ADSC ACO ADLAR ADFR ACI ADIF ACIE ADIE MUX2 ADPS2 ACIS1 MUX1 ADPS1 ACIS0 MUX0 ADPS0 page 39 page 46 page 47 page 48 page 48 ADC Data Register High Byte ADC Data Register Low Byte 73 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Instruction Set Summary Mnemonic ADD ADC SUB SUBI SBC SBCI AND ANDI OR ORI EOR COM NEG SBR CBR INC DEC TST CLR SER RJMP RCALL RET RETI CPSE CP CPC CPI SBRC SBRS SBIC SBIS BRBS BRBC BREQ BRNE BRCS BRCC BRSH BRLO BRMI BRPL BRGE BRLT BRHS BRHC BRTS BRTC BRVS BRVC BRIE BRID LD ST MOV LDI IN OUT LPM Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, K Rr, b Rr, b P, b P, b s, k s, k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k Rd, Z Z, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, P P, Rr Operands Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd Rd Rd, K Rd, K Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd k k Description Add Two Registers Add with Carry Two Registers Subtract Two Registers Subtract Constant from Register Subtract with Carry Two Registers Subtract with Carry Constant from Reg. Logical AND Registers Logical AND Register and Constant Logical OR Registers Logical OR Register and Constant Exclusive OR Registers One's Complement Two's Complement Set Bit(s) in Register Clear Bit(s) in Register Increment Decrement Test for Zero or Minus Clear Register Set Register Relative Jump Relative Subroutine Call Subroutine Return Interrupt Return Compare, Skip if Equal Compare Compare with Carry Compare Register with Immediate Skip if Bit in Register Cleared Skip if Bit in Register is Set Skip if Bit in I/O Register Cleared Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Set Branch if Status Flag Set Branch if Status Flag Cleared Branch if Equal Branch if Not Equal Branch if Carry Set Branch if Carry Cleared Branch if Same or Higher Branch if Lower Branch if Minus Branch if Plus Branch if Greater or Equal, Signed Branch if Less Than Zero, Signed Branch if Half-carry Flag Set Branch if Half-carry Flag Cleared Branch if T-flag Set Branch if T-flag Cleared Branch if Overflow Flag is Set Branch if Overflow Flag is Cleared Branch if Interrupt Enabled Branch if Interrupt Disabled Load Register Indirect Store Register Indirect Move between Registers Load Immediate In Port Out Port Load Program Memory Operation Rd Rd + Rr Rd Rd + Rr + C Rd Rd - Rr Rd Rd - K Rd Rd - Rr - C Rd Rd - K - C Rd Rd * Rr Rd Rd * K Rd Rd v Rr Rd Rd v K Rd RdRr Rd $FF - Rd Rd $00 - Rd Rd Rd v K Rd Rd * (FFh - K) Rd Rd + 1 Rd Rd - 1 Rd Rd * Rd Rd RdRd Rd $FF PC PC + k + 1 PC PC + k + 1 PC STACK PC STACK if (Rd = Rr) PC PC + 2 or 3 Rd - Rr Rd - Rr - C Rd - K if (Rr(b) = 0) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (Rr(b) = 1) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (P(b) = 0) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (P(b) = 1) PC PC + 2 or 3 if (SREG(s) = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (SREG(s) = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (Z = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (Z = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (C = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N V= 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (N V= 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (H = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (H = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (T = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (T = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (V = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (V = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 if (I = 1) then PC PC + k + 1 if (I = 0) then PC PC + k + 1 Rd (Z) (Z) Rr Rd Rr Rd K Rd P P Rr R0 (Z) Flags Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V,H Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V None None None None I None Z,N,V,C,H Z,N,V,C,H Z,N,V,C,H None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None # Clocks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 1/2 1 1 1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS 74 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L ATtiny15L Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Mnemonic SBI CBI LSL LSR ROL ROR ASR SWAP BSET BCLR BST BLD SEC CLC SEN CLN SEZ CLZ SEI CLI SES CLS SEV CLV SET CLT SEH CLH NOP SLEEP WDR Operands P, b P, b Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd s s Rr, b Rd, b Description Set Bit in I/O Register Clear Bit in I/O Register Logical Shift Left Logical Shift Right Rotate Left through Carry Rotate Right through Carry Arithmetic Shift Right Swap Nibbles Flag Set Flag Clear Bit Store from Register to T Bit Load from T to Register Set Carry Clear Carry Set Negative Flag Clear Negative Flag Set Zero Flag Clear Zero Flag Global Interrupt Enable Global Interrupt Disable Set Signed Test Flag Clear Signed Test Flag Set Two's Complement Overflow Clear Two's Complement Overflow Set T in SREG Clear T in SREG Set Half-carry Flag in SREG Clear Half-carry Flag in SREG No Operation Sleep Watchdog Reset Operation I/O(P,b) 1 I/O(P,b) 0 Rd(n+1) Rd(n), Rd(0) 0 Rd(n) Rd(n+1), Rd(7) 0 Rd(0) C, Rd(n+1) Rd(n), C Rd(7) Rd(7) C, Rd(n) Rd(n+1), C Rd(0) Rd(n) Rd(n+1), n = 0..6 Rd(3..0) Rd(7..4), Rd(7..4) Rd(3..0) SREG(s) 1 SREG(s) 0 T Rr(b) Rd(b) T C1 C0 N1 N0 Z1 Z0 I1 I0 S1 S0 V1 V0 T1 T0 H1 H0 (see specific descr. for Sleep function) (see specific descr. for WDR/timer) Flags None None Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V None SREG(s) SREG(s) T None C C N N Z Z I I S S V V T T H H None None None # Clocks 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BIT AND BIT-TEST INSTRUCTIONS 75 1187D-12/01 Ordering Information Power Supply 2.7 - 5.5V Speed (MHz) 1.6 Ordering Code ATtiny15L-1PC ATtiny15L-1SC ATtiny15L-1PI ATtiny15L-1SI Package 8P3 8S2 8P3 8S2 Operation Range Commercial (0C to 70C) Industrial (-40C to 85C) Package Type 8P3 8S2 8-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) 8-lead, 0.200" Wide, Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline (EIAJ SOIC) 76 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 ATtiny15L Packaging Information 8P3 8P3, 8-lead, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP), 0.300" Wide. Dimensions in Millimeters and (Inches)* JEDEC STANDARD MS-001 BA 10.16(0.400) 9.017(0.355) PIN 1 7.11(0.280) 6.10(0.240) .300 (7.62) REF 254(0.100) BSC 5.33(0.210) MAX Seating Plane 3.81(0.150) 2.92(0.115) 1.78(0.070) 1.14(0.045) 4.95(0.195) 2.92(0.115) 0.381(0.015)MIN 0.559(0.022) 0.356(0.014) 8.26(0.325) 7.62(0.300) 0.356(0.014) 0.203(0.008) 1.524(0.060) 0.000(0.000) 10.90(0.430) MAX *Controlling dimension: Inches REV. A 04/11/2001 77 1187D-12/01 8S2 .020 (.508) .012 (.305) PIN 1 .213 (5.41) .205 (5.21) .330 (8.38) .300 (7.62) .050 (1.27) BSC .212 (5.38) .203 (5.16) .080 (2.03) .070 (1.78) .013 (.330) .004 (.102) 0 REF 8 .035 (.889) .020 (.508) .010 (.254) .007 (.178) 78 ATtiny15L 1187D-12/01 Atmel Headquarters Corporate Headquarters 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TEL (408) 441-0311 FAX (408) 487-2600 Atmel Product Operations Atmel Colorado Springs 1150 E. Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906 TEL (719) 576-3300 FAX (719) 540-1759 Europe Atmel SarL Route des Arsenaux 41 Casa Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland TEL (41) 26-426-5555 FAX (41) 26-426-5500 Atmel Grenoble Avenue de Rochepleine BP 123 38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex, France TEL (33) 4-7658-3000 FAX (33) 4-7658-3480 Atmel Heilbronn Theresienstrasse 2 POB 3535 D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany TEL (49) 71 31 67 25 94 FAX (49) 71 31 67 24 23 Asia Atmel Asia, Ltd. Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimhatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong TEL (852) 2721-9778 FAX (852) 2722-1369 Atmel Nantes La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France TEL (33) 0 2 40 18 18 18 FAX (33) 0 2 40 18 19 60 Japan Atmel Japan K.K. 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan TEL (81) 3-3523-3551 FAX (81) 3-3523-7581 Atmel Rousset Zone Industrielle 13106 Rousset Cedex, France TEL (33) 4-4253-6000 FAX (33) 4-4253-6001 Atmel Smart Card ICs Scottish Enterprise Technology Park East Kilbride, Scotland G75 0QR TEL (44) 1355-357-000 FAX (44) 1355-242-743 literature@atmel.com Web Site http://www.atmel.com (c) Atmel Corporation 2001. Atmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company's standard warranty which is detailed in Atmel's Terms and Conditions located on the Company's web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are granted by the Company in connection with the sale of Atmel products, expressly or by implication. Atmel's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. ATMEL (R) and AVR (R) are the registered trademarks of Atmel. Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others. Printed on recycled paper. 1187D-12/01/0M |
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